Connection throught ties such as (FAMPD)
1. Friendship
2. Adoption
3. Marriage
4. Procreation
5. Descent from common ancestor
Relatedness-Connection throught ties such as: (FAMPD)
1. Key area of research in Anthropology
2. Important for understand social organization
3. Culturally determined
4. Organized based on family relatedness
Kinship (KICO)
Kinship
A social network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations
Consanguine
Biological or Blood Relatives
Affine
Related by Marriage
Fictive Kin
Social Relationships (Adoption, God parents)
Cross Cousins
Children of sibilings of the opposite sex
Parallel Cousins
Children of your parents same sex sibilings
1. Cultures with unilateral descent make the distinction between cross and parallel 2. In some cultures it is common to marry a cross-cousin, but parallel cousin marriage is taboo 3. Parallel cousin marrriage is rare but can be found in the middle eastern
Why are cross and parallel cousins important
Terminology
Cross culturally, people use different systems of terminology
Hawaiian, Iroquois, Sudanese, Crow, Eskimo, Omaha Kinship Terminology Systems
Kinship Terminology Systems (HISCEO)
Eskimo System
Kinship system which the nuclear family is emphasized by specifically idenitfying the mother, father, brother, and sister, while lumping together all other relatives into broad categories such as uncle, aunt, and cousin. Lineal system .
Hawaiian System
Kinship system which all relatives of the same sex are referred to by the same term (Mother = Mother sister and Father sister) Father = Fathers brother and Mothers brother) Siblings=Cross and Parallel Cousins
Iroquois System
Kinship system in which a father and father's brother are referred to by a single term, and a mother and mother's sister are referred to by a single term, but a father's sister and mother's brother are given separate terms.
Unilineal Descent
Descent that establishes group membership exclusively through either male or female line (Patrilineal and Matrilineal Systems)
Non-unilineal Descent
A group claiming descent but unable to trace all of the genealogical links
3 Basic types of Non-Unilineal Descent
Double Descent, Bilateral, Ambilineal
Patrilineal System
Descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership (A mans children belong to his lineage as do his son, but not his daughter) Pastoralist and agriculturalist societies; male labor is prime importance.
Matrilineal
Descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership. (A woman children are affiliated with her lineage) Horticulturist society; female work in subsistence is important.
Double Descent
Kinship is traced both matrilineally and patrilineally
Bilateral Descent
Found among foraging and industrialized societies, A person traces their relatives equally to both the mother and fathers side of the family
Ambilineal Descent
A person chooses to affiliate with a kin group through either the male or the female line
Clans
Unilineal Group that consist of ten or more generations and members claim a common ancestry even though they cannot be traced back
Lineage
Unilineal group that can trace their line of descent back to a common ancestor