Identify the components of the World Health Organization's definition of health.
mental and social wellbeing
physical wellbeing
absence of disease
Anthropologist Rania Sweis studied The Village Girl Youth Project (VGYP) in Egypt, which focuses on liberating young girls living in rural villages from their traditional roles through a focus on outdoor sports. Identify the problems she found with VGYP.
- the project doesn't consider economic circumstance
- the project didn't take into account local culture
Identify the questions that you might ask the patient in order to construct an illness narrative.
what do you call the problem?
what do you think has caused the problem?
how severe is the illness?
Identify how amchi medicinal practices have been affected by globalization. NEGATIVE
Fewer Indians are becoming amchi medicinal practitioners.
Conditions in Kashmir have made the practice of amchi medicine more difficult.
Identify how amchi medicinal practices have been affected by globalization. POSITIVE
Amchi medicine receives more governmental support than in the past.
Amchi medicine has become popular around the world.
The human microbiome refers to the many microorganisms that live within an individual's body. Identify which of the following concepts is refuted by the existence of the human microbiome.
the body as a discrete entity
- The human microbiome consists of 100 trillion microorganisms that work together like an ecosystem, helping us digest food, fight off infection, and create vitamins, among many other things. The existence of these organisms
Anthropologist Khiara Bridges studied the health care that pregnant women on Medicaid received at a large hospital in New York City. While the patients are mostly black, the doctors working at the hospital are mostly white. Identify the ways that patients
Patients are categorized as "at risk" and must undergo more testing than patients not on Medicaid.
Patients of color are called "primitive" and are assumed able to endure more pain than white patients.
The success of American anthropologist Paul Farmer's method of addressing the disastrous problems faced by the people living in extreme poverty in Cange, Haiti, demonstrates that an anthropological approach can be used to help solve health-care problems.
- farmer saw intense poverty when he visited the first time
- farmer returned and conducted a health census to listen to residence's needs
- Farmer created the Zanmi Lasante organization to address local needs
- the village received clean water, and commu
Identify why the rate of C-sections in the United States is likely so high.
more C-sections take place here due to cultural conceptions on birth
Biomedicine has risen in importance in many Western societies in the last century. Identify the statements that correctly describe biomedicine.
Biomedicine is rooted in European enlightenment values.
Biomedicine emphasizes that surgery and medication will positively affect health.
Biomedicine bases diagnosis on scientific data and research.
Ethnopharmacology is a subdiscipline in the field of ethnomedicine. Identify what someone within the ethnopharmacology field might do during their research.
document the types of herbs and teas present in a traditional Chinese pharmacy
interview amchis on what plants they use in their healing remedies
________ is an approach that analyzes how inequality and stratification within systems of power affect people's health-care access and treatment, and studies the differences in how various groups and individuals have been affected by the ________
critical medical anthropology
health transition
Identify the first point of health-care access for most people around the world.
personal and family knowledge
Early medical anthropologist Shirley Lindenbaum researched the spread of the kuru disease among the South Fore people of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, a disease that had become an epidemic by the 1960s. Lindenbaum's work helped to identify th
Lindenbaum studied the rules relating to the ritual practice of consuming human flesh.
Lindenbaum interviewed community members to gather oral histories.
Early research focuses of Enthomedicine
non-Western health-care systems
role of traditional healers
Contemporary research focuses of Enthomedicine
the interaction of multiple healing methods
Western biomedicine and traditional healing methods
Ethnomedicine refers to local and traditional types of healing rooted in cultural norms, such as Tibetan Buddhist medicine, but not Western biomedicine. (t/F)
F
In her book Other-Worldly: Making Chinese Medicine through Transnational Frames (2009), medical anthropologist Mei Zhan identifies key historical moments that have affected the contemporary practice of Chinese medicine. Identify these historical events.
the expansion of Western biomedicine into China
the founding of the People's Republic of China
the adoption of Chinese medical techniques by developed countries
The health transition occurred in the twentieth century and has had a dramatic effect on health care in many countries worldwide. Identify the effects of the health transition.
Overall life expectancy increased.
Infectious diseases declined as the primary cause of death.
a person is diagnosed with HIV
disease
a disabled person is viewed negatively in individualistic cultures
illness
an American calls in sick to work and stays in bed all day
sickness
Place the events that led to the poor and uncertain quality of prescription drugs in Nigeria today in chronological order.
pharmecutical companies set up in Nigeria
Instibility within the country caused companies to leave
Idumota market began selling pharm drugs
European and North American made products are replaced with those made by India and China
an individual's public expression of their health, including social expectations about how one should behave and how others will respond
sickness
the individual patient's experience of being unwell
illness
a discrete natural entity that can be clinically identified and treated by a health professional
disease
The work of anthropologists Shirley Lindenbaum, David Simmons, and Paul Farmer serve as examples of applying anthropology to successfully address health-care problems around the world. Identify the techniques that these three anthropologists used in their
language skills
community invovlement
Different health systems are predicated on different belief systems and ideas. Identify the types of medicine that suggest health is based on a harmonious balance between forces of the universe.
Amchi and Chinese
Critical medical anthropology analyzes how systems of power affect health care. Identify the examples of what critical medical anthropologists study.
how health-care systems define who is sick and how they get treated
the effect of economic and political systems on health care
Anthropologist David Simmons has studied and worked with traditional healers in the Dominican Republic and Zimbabwe who use natural remedies and often incorporate religious beliefs into their treatments. Identify the approach he advocates when creating he
incorporating local holistic practices and beliefs into healthcare programs
The work of anthropologists can often be just as helpful in addressing and resolving health-care issues as that of biomedical professionals. Identify some of the ways in which anthropologists can help solve health-care problems.
Anthropologists can advocate internationally for the improvement of local conditions.
Anthropologists can draw on their research to inform and guide public health work.
Anthropologists can help in the understanding of the spread of diseases.
Recently, anthropologists have been focusing attention on the experiences of people with disabilities around the world. Identify what anthropologists might study in relation to disability.
patterns of poverty and disability
social definition of disability in various cultures
accessibility options within an individual's country
Medical anthropologist Arthur Kleinman helped create the idea of illness narratives in understanding different approaches to health care. Identify why collecting illness narratives from patients is important.
illness narratives bridge cultural divides
Identify the definition of medical ecology.
the interaction of diseases with the natural environment and human culture
The Lees are a Hmong refugee family that resettled in Merced, California. When their infant, Lia Lee, began having seizures, they took her to a nearby hospital. Doctors administered medication and prescribed treatments that the Lees did not understand, bo
medical pluralism
Medical anthropology
the study of the range of beliefs and practices in human societies around the world- using all the practices of anthropology with training in medicine
questions medical anthropologists ask (3)
1) co-evolution of humans and medicine
2) effects social and economic inequalities have on health and disease
3) stigmatization of certain diseases
medical anthropologists: how do humans (2)
understand the normal or ideal human body and what constitutes the need for medical intervention?
impose human meanings on naturally-occuring phenomena that affect us all?
health (lecture def)
physical, mental, and social wellbeing.
example: stress, poverty, etc.
Disease (lecture def)
a discrete natural entity that can be diagnosed and treated. Biologically determined- biomedical doctor can identify.
illness (lecture def)
experience of sickness
-enculturated view of disease
(what does it mean to feel and act sick)
All healing systems are ________ on some level
empirical
Hoped for vs. expected results
most medical systems, in good faith ......
overestimate the efficacy of therapies and underestimate their cost and toxicity. SIDE EFFECTS
Biomedicine
biology and natural sciences applicator to diagnostic of diseases and the promotion of healing
Ethnomedicine
the culture's specific ways in which diseases and illness are treated
Biomedicine is an example of.
Ethnomedicine (of the West)
Individual body
the body of the phenomenological experience of life and itself: the embodied self as separate from other bodies
- a body that is aware of itself and other bodies
Social body
the representational uses of the body as a natural symbol with which to think about nature, society, and culture
Body Politic
the regulation , surveillance, and control of bodies (individual and collective) in reproduction and sexuality, in work and in leisure, in sickness and other forms of deviance and human difference
biopower
Michel Foucault
-the governments ability to act and impact the bodies of its citizens (reproduction and sexuality)
epidemiology
the spread of disease and pathogens through the human population
medical ecology
the interaction of diseases with the natural environment and human culture.
interprevist approach
health systems= systems of meaning
interprevist approach question
-how to humans make sense of health and illness?
Critical medical anthropology
the impact of inequality on human health
2 ways Critical medical anthropology examines health
-how economic and political systems, race, class, gender, etc. create unequal access to health
-health systems themselves are systems of power (define who is sick, who gets treated, and how it is provided)
medical anthropology holistic approach
health is a product of environment
health (book)
the absence of disease and infinity , as well as the presence of physical, mental, and social wellbeing
disease (book)
A discrete natural entity that can be clinically identified and treated by a health professional
illness (book)
the individual patient's experience of being unwell
sickness
an individual's public expression of illness and disease, including social expectations about how one should behave and how others will respond.
Enthomedicine
local systems of health and healing rooted in culturally specific norms and values
enthopharmacology
the documentation and description of the local use of natural substances in healing remedies and practices.
Tibetan Buddhism medical practices
Amchi
-achieving bodily and spiritual balance between the individual and the universe
-better diet and behavior changes with herbal medicine
Amchi
traditonal healers rooted in Tibetan Buddhism
Biomedicine
a practice, often associated with Western medicine, that seeks to apply the principles of biology and natural sciences to the practice of diagnosing disease and promoting health
traditional Chinese medicine
-individual's qi must be balanced and flowing
-acupuncture
Other Worldly: Making Chinese Medicine through Transnational Frames
Mei Zhan:
-chinese practices vary widely
-individualized medicine
MODERN AND GLOBALLY RESPECTED
Human microbiome
the complete collection of microorganisms in the human body's ecosystem
technocratic birth
when become patients- sick and helpless LIFE CRISIS
Paul Farmer: Rural Hati
-worked with resident's: addressed their needs in order to treat health problems
-villages help to conduct health census
-launched Partners in Health (clean water, sanitation and hygiene, and trained local community members to become health officials)
Health transition
the significant improvements in human health made over the course of the 20th century that were not, however, evenly distributed across the world's population
Reproducing Race
Kiara Bridges: race, class, and gender intersect to shape the delivery of health care in women's health clinic
Medical migration
the movement of diseases, medical treatments, and entire healthcare systems as well as those seeking medical care, across national borders.
Medical pluralism
the intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing
Illness narratives
the personal stories people tell to explain their illnesses