Biological anthropology
The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition is called
How our language evolved
How our mouths form words
How indigenous people classify their social worlds
Linguistic anthropologists traditionally study
Archaeology
The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities is called
Cultural relativism
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is known as
Charles Darwin
1. The thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the 19th century was
Cultural anthropology
The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called
Proof of their primitive nature
1. Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as
a. Ethnocentrism
1. Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called
a. A goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience
1. A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is
a. Hypothesis
1. A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research is
comparative method
a. Is a general approach
b. Holds that no society or behavior should be seen in isolation
c. Refers to the practice of comparing two or more cultures
a. The complexity of social behavior prevents any complexity objective analysis of human culture
1. Even though Anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because
a. Changes in organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment
1. One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that
a. A great chain of being
1. The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in
a. Both names and classifies all organisms according to a system
1. A taxonomic structure is one that
a. It challenges the biological reductionism of much evolutionary theory
1. One of the more important ways that anthropology contributes to the development of evolutionary theory is that
a. Through the choice of a sexual partner
1. One of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations, such as gene flow, is
a. Modification happens before genetic changes appear that keep the change in place across generations
1. Plasticity can be understood as not being Lamarckian because
a. Variation
1. The core idea of Darwin's and Wallace's ideas- descent with modification via natural selection- is intimately tied to what larger force
a. Adaptive changes
1. An evolutionary perspective on variations in physical traits reflect
a. Each lineage has a unique history, and thus no organism is "more evolved
1. One of the useful results of a phylogeny is to show that
There is a considerable variation in both frequency and presence of alleles
1. Jonathon Marks notes that while we do have a 98% similarity in DNA to chimpanzees, this is not what it seems because different human populations
a. Provides resistance to malaria in the tropics
1. Sickle-cell anemia, a blood cell mutation, takes a toll on those afflicted, but is an example of a mutation that may also be useful because it
Are part of the interaction between genotype and phenotype
1. The peppered moth is a classic example of how environmental factors
a. New life forms originate as a result of previously existing ones
1. Speciation, when considered as an outcome consistent with Darwin's idea of descent with modification, supports the idea that
a. Natural selection
1. If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over 15 generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on
a. Ambiguity is part of our own taxonomic system
1. The example of dogs and wolves being able to breed even though they are different species underscores what important aspect of our approach to evolutionary theory
a prehensile tail
one important adaptation found in New World monkeys is the presence of
the evolution of social behavior in humans
anthropologists often study primates to broaden understanding of
ethnoprimatology
emerging field that studies the histories of primate communities, including humans and apes
dominance relationships
one striking difference between the social behavior found in common chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes, and in bonobo chimpanzees, Pan paniscus is that of
analogous behaviors
social behavior patterns observed in one species that look like behavior patterns in another, but which do not arise from a shared ancestry, are known as
measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics
for much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology
sense of smell
primates rely extensively on all the characteristics except
the characteristics of their social behavior and social organization
one of the distinguishing features of the different primate groups is
studying behavior alone
when considering the question "do apes have culture?" anthropologists typically emphasize that culture is more than the transmission of social behaviors across generations and cannot be understood by
makes human species distinct
able to communicate knowledge that is inaccessible to other organisms and disseminate that knowledge
grooming
suppose you wanted to study the reasoning behind why men use a particular hair product to attract sexual partners. as a biological anthropologist, you might be very likely to examine this through the lens of
they are more diverse in their life ways
the anatomy of Haplorrhines is considerably more varied than that of Strepsirrhines in large part because
paleoanthropology
if you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in
Hard: data is more difficult to identify in cultural dynamics and social relationships, which are also a critical part of hominid evolution
the use of fossils, DNA analysis, and morphological analysis provides us with limited perspective on early humans, even though it is drawn from hard factual data. this limitation occurs because
a more specific age for a fossil or something organic
chronometric dating techniques used by paleoanthropologist and archaeologists help establish
gives humans a choice to climb or walk
which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full time bipedalism (visual surveillance, gives humans a choice to walk or climb, regulation of body heat, carrying objects)
olduwan tools
the rough edge stone chopping tools made by early members of the genus Homo are called
DNA analysis
when archaeologists recover and analyze ancient non-fossilized remains, such as the teeth found in Hoyo Negro, they are most likely to use
the non-linear evolutionary processes that have led to our modern form
one of the persistent ideas that has captured the public imagination is that of the "missing link" something paleoanthropologist recognize as impossible due to
specialized tools
archaic humans can be distinguished both through morphological differences as well as
recent african origin model
the argument that modern H. sapiens appeared as a new species in Africa about 200,000 years ago is called the
the interaction of biology and culture over time
bicultural evolution is the term used to describe how modern humans arrived on the scene and it encompasses
jigsaw puzzle with most pieces missing
in attempting to understand the way that ancient humans actually lives, paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey and writer Roger Lewin described the difficulty involved as being like a
because morphological variations are normally found within a single species
when paleoanthropologist uncover ancient hominid fossils, one of the main reasons it is difficult to know if they found a new species is
the use of fire and cooking
the emergence of increased cultural capacity in H. erectus can be seen in their changed diet, tools and
their use of non-functional material goods such as jewelry
what is the strongest evidence that neanderthals had rich symbolic lives
those stereotypes are a form of ethnocentrism
why do you think anthropologists reject crude stereotypes of archaic humans as grunting cavemen
trace fossils
the ability to discover ancient remains and draw inferences about our earliest human ancestors is sometimes helped by