class
a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources
egalitarian society
a group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence
The groups success relied on cooperation and the sharing
of food, child rearing, and hunting and gathering
responsibilities, not on hierarchy, vi
reciprocity
the exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties
ranked society
a group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are
Eg Native American Sitting Bull-a wise counsel who guides and doesn't boss others like Big Man
Equal wealth and power but not equal prestigue
redistribution
a form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern e.g. Big Man saves yams and pigs for big party
potlatch
elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest near Washington. Huge trees so huge totem poles huge long house and long canoes. Feed and gift other clans. To gain Prestige
bourgeoisie
marxist term for the capitalist class that owns the means of production.eg they own the lands and factories
means of production
the factories, machines, tools, raw materials, land, and financial capital needed to make things
proletariat
marxist term for the class of laborers who own only their labor.
The proletariat lack land to grow their own food, tools to make their own products, and capital to build workshops or factories
prestige
the reputation, influence, and deference bestowed on certain people because of their membership in certain groups eg Max Weber Prestige and Life Chances
life chances
an individual's opportunities to improve quality of life and achieve life goals for access to $$, education, health care, food, clothing, and shelter
social mobility
the movement of one's class position, upward or downward, in stratified societies
social reproduction
the phenomenon whereby social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed from one generation to the next
habitus
bourdieu's term to describe the self-perceptions and beliefs that develop as part of one's social identity and shape one's conceptions of the world and where one fits in it
cultural capital
the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain accesss to scarce and valuable resources in society
intersectionality
an analyst frame-work for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of stratification
income
what people earn from work, plus dividends and interest on investments, along with rents and royalties
wealth
the total value of what someone owns, minus any debt
caste
a closed system of stratification in a society. Eg. India
achieved status
social position established and changeable during a person's lifetime. Eg Oprah
ascribed status
social position inherited, assigned at birth, and passed down from generation to generation with enforced boundaries ex caste system and rooted in religion
dalits
members of india's lowest caste; literally, broken people (untouchables)
Neolithic revolution
The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.
Surplus
...
Specialization of labor
Statisfication
...
Theories of class
Karl Marx, father of communism
Karl Marx
Philosopher and father of communism bourgeoisie and proletariat wrote the communist manifesto