Anthropology Quiz 1

The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes is an example of a(n)

Genetic adaptation

If an anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka, he or she is most likely a(n)

Cultural anthropologist

The four main sub disciplines of anthropology consist of

CLAB (define)

The processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses.

Adaptation

Rathje's garbology project

is archaeology of modern people.

Ethnography is

the firsthand, personal study of local settings.

Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective

allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment on or solve a particular issue or problem.

Biological anthropologists study all of the following except

Ancient languages

Archaeologists study

Material remains

Anthropology is a holistic discipline because it

studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.

________ refers to the different symbol-based patterns and traditions associated with particular groups within the same complex society

Subcultures

________ refers to a sign that has no necessary or natural connection to the thing it stands for or signifies.

Symbol

Ethnocentrism is defined as viewing another culture

in terms of your own culture and values

What people say they do or should do is

ideal culture.

Which statement is NOT true?

Cultural relativism argues that some cultures are relatively better than others.

The process by which children learn culture is

enculturation.

________ focuses on how people with different motives, intentions, and degrees of power and influence manage to create and transform the society in which they live.

Practice theory

________ refers to the cultural change that results when two or more cultures have continuous contact.

Acculturation

Individuals do NOT learn culture through

genetic transmission.

Humans do NOT share such features as ________ with chimpanzees.

visible estrus

In survey research, sampling is

the collection of a representative subset of a larger population.

An interview schedule's advantage over a questionnaire-based survey is that

interview schedules allow informants to talk about whatever they feel is important.

________ refers to the study of the processes that affect the remains of dead animals.

Taphonomy

An expert on a particular aspect of local life is a(n)

key cultural consultant.

Taking part in the events one is witnessing and describing those events is

participant observation.

Paleopathology it the study of

disease and injury in skeletons from archaeological sites.

Molecular anthropologists study

the relationships among ancient and contemporary populations and among species.

________ is NOT an absolute dating technique.

Stratigraphy

The principle of superposition dictates that

in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the oldest layer is on the bottom

Which of the following would NOT be an ethical concern of anthropologists studying terrorism?

In a war zone, anthropologists can too easily distinguish themselves from military personnel.

________ describes the process that allows the selection of certain traits of one sex because of advantages they confer in winning mates.

Sexual selection

________ created the first biological classification (taxonomy) of plants and animals.

Carolus Linnaeus

________ is the process that produces sex cells.

Meiosis

Human populations living in temperate, northern climates generally have light skin color because it

helps to prevent rickets.

Natural selection...

operates when there is competition for strategic resources.

The term gene flow refers to

the transmission of genetic material between populations of the same species.

The relationship between the alleles that determine our blood types is

dominant, recessive, and codominant.

The simple definition of evolution is

descent with modification

Independent assortment and recombination play a role in evolution by

creating genetic variability in a breeding population.

________ is demonstrated by the example that the heterozygote HbS HbA, one sickle-cell allele and one normal one, was maintained in some populations as the fittest phenotype for a malarial environment.

Balanced polymorphism

The ________ of Old World monkeys appears beginning in Oligocene primates.

2.1.2.3 dental pattern

Which of these statements is NOT true?

Bonobos are considerably smaller than common chimpanzees.

The Pierolapithecus catalaunicus is

a possible Miocene common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

A(n) ________ is NOT a hominoid.

Lemur

________ do NOT have tails.

Apes

Which of these statements best describes the situation of orangutans in Indonesian Borneo?

Their numbers are drastically declining because of deforestation.

Which of these provides an example of analogies?

porpoise fins and fish fins

Prehensile (grasping) tails are characteristic traits of

New World monkeys.

Apes have longer arms than legs, which is adaptive for

brachiation

________ indicate(s) a shift from smell to sight as the primates' most important means of obtaining information.

Stereoscopic vision