Anthropology 101

What is paleoanthropology?

Acculturation

Globalization

Sexual selection

Adaptation

Phenotype

Longitudinal research

Writing

Stratigraphy

Why is it important to understand that human racial categories are based upon perceptions of phenotypic features and not on genotypes?

Because race is socially constructed, not biologically determined

What is ethnocentrism?

Catastrophism

seeking to explain why specific biological variations occur.

Neolithic

smaller

Mesopotamia

A. afarensis

metallurgy

Diglossia

Kinesics

Morphology

Bureaucracy

Teosinte

Mesopotamia

Phonemes

Egalitarian

Australopithecus

Syntax

Band

Authority

Nomadism

genocide

What is the term for identification with, and feeling part of, a cultural group, and exclusion from other cultural groups?

Ethnicity

What is the term for ethnic groups that once had, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status?

Nationalities

Postmodernity

What is the term for policies and practices that harm a group and its members?

Discrimination

What term does Barth use to refer to a society that combines ethnic contrasts, ecological specialization, and economic interdependence of groups?

Plural society

What term refers to the destruction of an ethnic group's culture?

Ethnocide

What term refers to the view that cultural diversity in a country is something good and desirable?

Multiculturalism

Climate change

Band

When a dominant group compels a minority group to adopt the dominant culture, this is known as

What rule automatically places the children of a union between members of different groups in the minority group?

Postmodernity

Cultural imperialism

pastoralism

Prestige

People may occupy many different social statuses during their lives, or even during the course of a day. What term refers to a person's ability to emphasize different identities in different social contexts?

Situational negotiation of identity

Atmosphere

patriarchy

Animism

inheritance of land and prestige through female lines.

is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies.

More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line

What have recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated?

The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.

What is polygyny?

A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time

What is the domestic-public dichotomy?

Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world

What is the name of the postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husband's community?

What term is used to refer to a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan?

Totem

What term refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but cannot demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor?

Magic

What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs?

Exogamy

Gender roles

Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true?

It was permitted to take place only in a couple's residence.

Which of the following statements about divorce is not true?

Which of the following statements about polyandry is true?

It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare.

Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true?

The incest taboo does not eliminate incest.

What are the two basic social units typically found in foraging societies?

What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?

The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but

What term refers to a gift made by the husband and his kin to the bride and her kin?

Bridewealth

Which of the following is not culturally constructed?

Sex

inheritance of land and prestige through female lines.

The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same-sex sexual activity suggests that

flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans' primate heritage.

Contagious magic