dental public health/community dental health
science and art of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organize community efforts (aaph); the community becomes your patient rather than the individual; prevention is emphasized
patient
community
examination/assessment
assessment/survey
diagnosis
analysis
care plan
program planning
implementation of care
program implementation
fee/payment
budget/funding
patient evaluation
program evaluation
primary dentistry
no disease/decay present - oral evaluation/screening, dental prophy, fluoride as a preventative agent, dental sealants, health education, health promotion, water fluoridation
secondary dentistry
dental restoration, itr/art, periodontal debridement, fluoride used on incipient caries - sdf, endodontics
tertiary dentistry
prosthodontics, implants, maxillofacial surgery
department of health and human services (dhhs or hhs) current goals
strengthen healthcare, advance scientific knowledge and innovation (cdc and nih), advance the health safety and well-being, efficiency transparency accountability and effectiveness of programs, surveillance and sustainability, funding from medicaide
core functions of ph agencies assessment key points
identification of need, identification of factors threating the health of a population, determine resources
which of the following are public health goals?
preventing injury example mouthguards, responding to disasters and assisting in the recovery of the community, ensuring quality and accessibility of health services
public health solutions
focus is health promotion and disease prevention - not disease elimination
which of the following is a public health problem rather than a public health solution?
chronic diseases within the expanding elderly population
the goal of cdh involves the protection and promotion of the public through all of the following
disease prevention, behavior modification, health promotion
direct supervision
dds needs to be present, authorize treatment, and check treatment
indirect supervision
dds needs to be present, examines/checks patient before or after work, and generally authorizes treatment
general supervision
dds authorizes work before services, does not need to be present for treatment, patient must be of record
direct access
dh provides services as appropriate with dds authorization, referred to as unsupervised practice
which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
supplying city water with fluoride
which of the following is true of the core functions and essential services of public health?
includes assessment, policy development, and assurance; assessment of health status to identify and solutions for community health problems, enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety to all populations
which of the following dental treatment modalities meets all seven characteristics of public health solutions needed to be considered an effective treatment for dental decay?
community water fluoridation
which of the following factors affect(s) the access to dental health?
workforce, dental insurance, malpractice, transportation
the following are characteristics of a public health solution
programs is self-substantial for a period, effective asap, inexpensive and easily implemented
the following are good examples of a dental public health group
elementary children, a cancer support group, elderly population
which of the following has reduced oral disease rates?
fluoride, professional dental cleaning, dental sealants, oral cancer screening
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
public health
the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases; public health is concerned with protecting
dental public health
The science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts.
alternative practice setting
providing oral health care education and services outside the private office in a nontraditional setting
coalition
cooperative, collaborative effort on the part of many diverse individuals and organizations reflecting a public-private partnership to build systems and develop programs to improve community health
access to care
assurance that conditions are in place for people to obtain the oral health care they need and want
population health
the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group; embraces the distribution of health to the population
socioeconomic status
commonly used in public/community health and associated with social standing or position of a person or group within a community or society
surveillance
in public health, the term is associated with the need to adequately assess the publics health and needs, which programs/services are successful, needs improvement, or not successful
core functions of public health
task of public health identified by the institute of medicine providing the basis for all public health activities (assessment, policy development, assurance)
assessment
function includes regular and systematic collection, assemblage, and analysis of data and communication regarding the oral health of the public/community
assurance
function in which agencies ensure services necessary to achieve, health goals are provided by either actions or by other entities, be requiring such action through regulation, or by providing services directly
policy development
function in which laws and other policies are planned and developed to support community health issues
disparities
uneven distribution of the burden of disease throughout the population
barriers to care
Anything that limits an individual's ability to receive dental services
health disparities
a difference in health between individuals or groups related to an uneven distribution of the burden of disease such as oral disease throughout the population, which is caused by social or economic disadvantages
executive branch
direct impact on dental care delivery
benchmark
used to mark a point when to evaluate a task
indicator
characteristics of a population which researchers use as supporting evidence for describing the health of a population
status
the current state or condition of a disease, condition, literacy level, etc.
trend
current direction of a condition over a period of time
Who or what directs the US Public Health Service?
US Surgeon General
what has been recognized as a major unmet need in the united states?
geriatric awareness, oral health, access to health care
which branch of the federal government has a direct impact on dental care delivery?
executive
infrastructure
the structures, systems, resources, program, and facilities serving public health and enable public health programs to perform their functions
capacity
development of oral health expertise and competence (how efficient infrastructure is)
infrastructure of a public health program will include
needs assessment, planning, evaluation, policy development, coordination, quality assurance
need
normative, professional judgement as to the amount and kind of healthcare services required to attain and maintain health of a population
demand
desired frequency of dental care utilized by a population
supply
amount of services available to the population
utilization
Number of dental care services actually consumed, not just desired.
limited access to oral health care services due to
FINANCIAL REASONS, geographic location, cultural background, language barriers, TRANSPORTATION
the group most impacted by aca is which of the following?
young adults (19-25)
in recent years, which of the following has limited the pursuit in oral health research to measure progress in relation to the status of oral diseases and conditions?
lack of funding
most children and parents covered by medicaid are in low income working families
true
state level decides
whos on medicaid
health promotion
informing and motivating individuals to adopt healthy behaviors; process of enabling people and communities to take more control
five-dimensional health model
physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual
motivation
a desire to fulfill a human need that is in deficit; an inner force that causes a person to act; may change in 14-21 days
which of the following is an example of a dental hygienist providing health education?
teaching a patient how to brush
what is the third level on the learning ladder?
self-interest
theory of stages of learning (learning ladder)
unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action, habit
ppm of fluoride in drinking water
.7 ppm
verbs to avoid with objective writing
know, like, realize, understand, grasp, familiarize, empathize, appreciate, comprehend
evaluation
broad, formal, determines effectiveness or whether goals and objectives have been achieved with comprehensive interpretation - often done at the end or conclusion of a presentation/program
which of the following is a way to overcome the fear of public speaking?
being prepared, encouraging the audience to ask questions, practicing
during the assessment phase of a lesson plan, it is important to know all of the following about a target group
resources, needs, interests
what is the term given when a teacher gives a student instant ongoing responses regarding the students performance?
immediate feedback
the following are the learning domains
psychomotor, affective, cognitive
health education
process in which the population is motivated and encouraged to become responsible for personal oral health and informed of scientifically based methods of health behaviors that bring an individual to a state of health awareness and performance
stages of change theory (transtheoretical model)
views change as a process or cycle, occurs over time rather than as a single event; assumes at any point in time everyone is at a different stage of readiness to make lifestyle changes
consumer information processing model
addresses ways consumers take in and use information in their decision making; people are limited in how much information they can acquire, use, and remember; people combine bits of information into useable summaries and create decision rules to enable fa
health belief model
allows us to assess perceptions of how susceptible one is to a health risk and whether one believes that recommended preventative behaviors will result in less susceptibility; the primary theory/hypothesis increased perception of severity and susceptibili
the following is a part of the five-dimensional health model
physical, mental, social, spiritual
social cognitive theory (self-efficacy theory)
belief ones personal actions will have an impact on a desired outcome; reinforces the belief that social pressure is the most powerful factor in influencing social norms
community organization theory
The process of involving and activating members of a community or subgroup to identify a common problem or goal, to mobilize resources, to implement strategies, and to evaluate their efforts; a grassroots approach and conducted by health professionals
diffusion of innovations theory
Helps assess how new ideas, products, or services spread within a society or to other groups; adoption of a new idea; during the assessment, attention is directed to the characteristics of innovation, the communication channels, and the social systems
five major categories of diffusion of innovations theory
innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards
innovators
first to try the new idea and take risk
early adopters
leaders and aware for the need to change and comfortable with new ideas
early majority
rarely leaders, but adopt to new ideas before the average person and need to see solid evidence for change
late majority
skeptical of change and will not adopt even with evidence
laggards
bound to tradition and very conservative, hardest group to bring on board for change
organizational change stage theory
organization passes through a series of four stages when initiating change - 1. problems recognized and analyzed - solutions sought out 2. initiation of action resources for beginning change 3. implementation of change - innovation 4. policy and program b
social marketing theory (interpersonal)
focuses on tailoring products or programs to match a defined target audience; used to design, implement, evaluate, and manage large-scale, broad-based behavior change programs; uses 4 ps - product, promotion, place, price
dhs need to provide health information in a
credible, appropriate, efficient, effective manner
framing health messages
relates to how messages are crafted; certain cues are used
gain-framing messages
focus on what is to be gained by adopting the recommended health behavior
tailoring health messages
relates to making messages meaningful to a specific individual
this theory focuses on tailoring products or programs to match a defined target audience. which theory is it (this theory can be considered interpersonal as well)?
social marketing theory
the changes an individual must make in order to attain health, which include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance, are the foundation of which theory/model?
transtheoretical model