Maintaining eye contact when interacting with a patient assist with establishing ___________
trust
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host are parts of the ______________________
chain of infection
If the chain of infection is broken at ______________, an infection will not develop.
any of the links
POCT can assist the physician with early patient __________ and can result in shortened length of stay for hospitalized patients
diagnosis
What are the links in the chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
All of the following are components of correct patient identification except
state the patients name
Avoiding a patient with aids is considered what
discrimination
Phlebotomist must demonstrate mastery of the principles and techniques established by JACHO
false
Regardless of the work setting, which of the following is critical to prevent the need to repeat a test
collecting a specimen properly
You have just entered the laboratory and another team member requests that you label her remaining tubes with the labels on the counter. What would be your best response
I do not feel comfortable labeling specimens I did not collect
Various subspecialties exist within the laboratory. The one that studies blood and blood forming tissues
hematology
_________ is a simple technique that decreases the transmission of disease producing microorganism
handwashing
The standard bloodletting of the 1800's resulted in what amount of blood loss
10 ml
which of the following best defines phlebotomy
to cut into a vein
List three examples of inpatient facilities
hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers
what organization is responsible for minimizing workplace injuries
OSHA
List three negative nonverbal gestures
drooping shoulders with head held low
looking down or away from the patient
wrinkled lab coat and poor grooming
failing to respect an individual's personal space
Reference laboratories are also called
off site laboratories
List three examples of outpatient facilities
physician offices,ambulatory care centers, home health agencies, reference labs, blood banks
Dermal puncture requires a much larger specimen than does venipuncture
false
In order to validate correct patient identification, the phlebotomist must call the patient by name
false
Sarah, age 12 is about to have her blood drawn. She asks the phlebotomist, will it hurt. what is the best response for the phlebotomist to make
You will feel it but if you keep still it will not take long
Hospital laboratories are also known as clinical laboratories
true
The study of human body tissues and cells is known as
histology
the fastest growing outpatient health care facilities are _____________
ambulatory care centers
The heel is often used in infants to obtain capillary blood
true
Patients must give their permission for blood to be drawn
true
Another term for dermal puncture is
microtechnique
List the three instances in which a patient can not refuse consent
patient is a minor, patient is mentally incapacitated, patient is ordered by law to have his or her blood drawn
During the 1800's bloodletting procedures were mostly performed by
barbers
Allison age 4 months needs to have a blood test performed. The phlebotomist will collect capillary blood from what site for this infant
heel
The three step process; Ask/Compare/Validate is used to confirm
patient identification
_______________ can be both verbal and nonverbal
communication
The term that refers to patients' privacy regarding information is ________________
confidentiality
List three indications for handwashing
before putting on gloves, between patient contact, between different procedures on the same patient, after handling specimen containers or tubes, after restroom visits, after eating, after combing hair, after handling money, anytime your hands get contami
Laboratories in hospitals are also called __________ laboratories
clinical
Phlebotomy is a(n) _____________ procedure
invasive
JCACHO is the main ___________ agency for hospitals
accrediting
The figure below demonstrates dermal puncture
false - venipuncture
List any three ways the phlebotomist can break the links in the chain of infection
perform hand hygiene, wear gloves when obtaining and handling any specimens, dispose of contaminated materials properly, use personal protective equipment when required - including mask/gown/gloves/and eye protection, perform aseptic technique when requir
Failure of any institution to comply with CLIA '88 regulations may result in the termination of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements
true
Which of the following are examples of personal protective equipment (PPE)
gowns, gloves, masks
An infection acquired while in a health care facility is called a(n)
nonsocomial infection
What is the primary role of a phlebotomist
obtain blood for diagnostic testing
List in order the three step process to correct patient identification
Ask, Compare, Validate
List any three HIPAA guidelines that could apply to the care of patients during phlebotomy
close patients room doors when caring for them or discussing their health
Specimens ordered 'stat' must be collected immediately
true
Gloves are not a requirement when you are obtaining blood from patients with no known infectious diseases
false
Laboratories categorized as ___________ are not subject to inspections because they only perform simple test
waived
List three positive nonverbal gestures
good body posture/maintaining good eye contact/neat well groomed appearance/respecting personal space
List the four different blood types
A/B/AB/O
White blood cells are also known as
leukocytes
What are the smallest blood vessels called
capillaries
_____________ is an enzyme used to convert fibrinogen into fibrin
thrombin
The appearance of the white blood cell (leukocyte) is referred to as biconcave
false
What blood vessels contain valves
veins
Disease producing microorganisms are called __________
pathogens
The ____________ system consist of both pulmonary and systemic circulation
vascular
Pus contains dead neutrophils, pathogens, and parts of the cells at the site of infection or injury
true
All arteries carry oxygenated blood
false
What percentage of our total blood volume is stored in veins
65-70%
Anticoagulants prevent blood from clotting
true
List 3 layers of blood vessel
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
____________ which release histamine, are the least common granulocytes
basophils
Jamie has been diagnosed with parasitic infection and has just had an allergic reaction to the medication she is given to treat the infection. Which of the cells would you expect to be elevated above normal?
eosinophils
___________ carry blood away from the heart
arteries
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is called the ____________
tunica adventitia
The layer of blood vessels that is capable of contracting and relaxing is the ____________
tunica media
Antigens are complex protein substances produced as a response to a foreign substance
false
The first event to occur following an injury is
blood vessel spasm
Which of the following cells assist with stopping bleeding
platelets
During a bacterial infection white blood cell counts decrease
false
The ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs as a result of a molecule called
hemoglobin
The figure below is a cross section of a vein
true
Red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes
A hematoma occurs when blood collects under the skin due to insertion of a needle through a vein or artery
true
The veins most commonly used for venipuncture are located in the middle of the arm; this are is referred to as the
antecubital fossa
What are the four major events involved in stopping the flow of blood at an injured site
blood vessel spasm or vasoconstriction
platelet plug formation
blood clotting or coagulation
fibrinolysis or dissolving of the clot and return of the vessel to normal function
The ABO blood group consist of three different blood types: A, B, O
false there are four - AB is missing
The liquid portion of whole blood is called
plasma
__________ is the process of blood coagulation or clotting
hemostasis
The preferred site for venipuncture is the
median cubital vein
Male hemoglobin levels are slightly higher than female hemoglobin levels
true male = 14-18grams/100mL of blood
female = 12-16 grams/100mL of blood
The vena cava is the largest vein in the body
true
___________ are the largest of all the white blood cells
monocytes
What are the smallest of all the blood vessels
capillaries
The pulmonary artery is the largest artery in the body
false
Individuals with the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells are classified as Type
A
Venous blood has higher concentration of
carbon dioxide
Veins carry blood under a much higher pressure than arteries
false
The innermost layer of veins and arteries is called the
tunica intima
Individuals with the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells are classified as Type
B
Type and crossmatch specimens require a full signature on both the requisition form and the test tubes
true
What are the 3 veins that make up the antecubital fossa
cephalic
median cubital
basilic
A special test called ____________ is used to differentiate between granulocytes and agranulocytes
Wright's stain
What blood vessels contain an extremely thin wall
capillaries
The average life span of the red blood cells is 4 months
true
__________ carry blood toward the heart
veins
What are the three main blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
Which of the following cellular components of blood is the smallest in size
thrombocytes
List the four characteristics of an indicator
measurable
specific
well defined
essential to the process
You are about to perform a POCT but the system check readings you obtain fall outside the established parameters. You may need to do all of the following except;
continue with performing the POCT
Quality assurance is a(n)
system for evaluating performance
Patients requiring phlebotomy services evaluate the care they receive based on all of the following except
the level of education the health care worker has
All of the following agencies are responsible for providing phlebotomy except
CDC
The patient's chart is a communication medium used by various members of the health care team
true
Failure to adhere to specific collection procedures can adversely affect the results
true
________ is the adjustment of equipment to a known test value
calibration
The core of total quality management is to improve ________
customer satisfaction
Another term for results is
outcome
If there is a lack of quality performance at only one point in the process the outcome will more than likely be a quality outcome
false
A MSDS documents specific chemical ingredients found in a _____________ substance
hazardous
A variance is an unwanted outcome or occurrence
true
List four possible causes of liability for phlebotomist
misidentification of the patient
breach of confidentiality
improperly labeled specimens
performing venipuncture without the patient's consent
injury to blood vessels or nerves
poor sterile techniques,resulting in patient infection
permanent scarring or di
Phlebotomists are usually responsible for analyzing test results
false
List three agencies responsible for providing phlebotomy certification
ASCP
NCA
ASPT
NHA
NCCT
AMT
An unwanted outcome is called a(n)
variance
All employees at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens are to
be given the hepatitis B vaccination free of charge
List the two factors that most influences 'customer satisfaction'
health care encounter
accuracy of the result
Phlebotomists must be concerned with quality performance during the venipuncture procedure only
false
__________ is a process that, along with a passing score on a national exam, ensures successful co mpletion of defined academic and training requirements
certification
Disclosing confidential patient information can lead to liability
true
Leaving the tourniquet on the patient's arm for more than ___ min can adversely affect potassium levels
10
____________ serves as the blueprint of the health care facility's account of the patient's care and treatment
documentation
Quality control measures ensure that
procedural steps are followed and yield consistent results
In the event of an accidental spill or injury with a chemical or laboratory substance, the MSDS books can provide data and treatment recommendations
true
Accreditation is a process that ensures successful completion of defined academic and training requirements and a passing score on a national examination
false
Malpractice is the failure of a healthcare worker to perform reasonably expect duties for patients
false
All of the following are common causes of liability for phlebotomist except:
using good sterile technique
Failure to label a specimen properly may result in a bad evaluation, but no legal action is likely
false
Perform skills that you are not fully trained to do only if requested by a physician
false
__________ departments are responsible for generating policies and procedures that will protect employees, patients, and the employer from injury
risk management
The sheet in the figure shown below is maintained on all hazardous chemicals
false
If you obtain test results that are not consistent with previous results, or results that do not agree with the patient's clinical symptoms, the first thing you should do is call the physician
false
Point of care testing requires preparation of
patient and equipment