Ch 4 p. 82......
The goal of safety for health care facilities is to get rid of hazards for patients and employees and provide safety education for health care workers. Safe working guidelines for health care facilities and employees have been developed by the Federal OCC
Ch 4 p. 82......Personal Safety From Infection During Specimen Handling
~BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS (BBP)= Which are infectious organisms found in blood and other body fluids (e.g., hepatitis A,B,C, & D and E viruses; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) syphilis, malaria,
~UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: Handling patient's specimens should
Ch 4 p. 82......Personal Safety From Infection During Specimen Handling
Examples of body fluids that can potentially carry the HIV and Hepatitis B Virus and other BBP
~Blood
~Saliva involved in dental procedures
~Cerebro spinal fluid
~Cell Cultures
~ Human Tissue
~ Semen and vaginal secretions
~All body fluids containing bloo
Ch 4 p. 83......Exposure Control
~if needle exposure occurs, wash with isopropyl alcohol and apply and adhesive bandage
~ if potential blood-borne pathogens or infectious body fluids report immediately to supervisor
Ch 4 p. 83......Healthcare-associatd (Nosocomial) infections
HEALTH-CARE-ASSOCIATED (NOSOCOMIAL) INFECTIONS= are those infections that are acquired by a patient after admission to a health care facility, such as a hospital, clinic,or nursing home.
~INFECTIOUS CONTROL PROGRAMS: Established by CDC, these are guidelin
Ch 4 p. 83......Healthcare-associatd (Nosocomial) infections
~The corner stone of infection protection for patients and health care workers are aseptic techniques, which include the following :
1. Frequent hand washing
2. Use barrier garments and personal protective equipment (PPE)
3. Waste Management of contaminat
Ch 4 p. 84......Chain of infection
Nosocomial (healthcare -associated) infections result when the CHAIN OF INFECTION is complete. The three components that make up the chain are the following:
1. Source
2. Mode of transmission
3. Susceptible host
~Infection control programs aim at breaking
Ch 4 p. 85(Fig 4-3)......Chain of infection
Chain of infection control procedures:
~SOURCE= immunizations, transfusions, good nutrition, medication, proper exercise
~MODE= hand hygiene, isolation techniques insect and rodent control, use of disposal equipment, prier decontamination of instruments,
Ch 4 p. 85......STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
~Standard Precautions=have been designed through the CDC to "DECREASE THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION OF MICROORGANISMS" from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in hospitals.
~Standard Precautions include UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS that are designe
Ch 4 p. 85......TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS: See pg. 87 Table 4-3 HICAC: Recommendations for transmission-Based precautions
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS: are used in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected infections that are spread in one of three ways.
1~Airborne Transmission: like rubeola, varicella, tuberculosis
2~Droplet Transmission: Like
Ch 4 Pg. 87 & 88 ......TRANSMISSION-BASED
HICPAC = Hospital infection control practices advisory committee:
Recommendations for transmission-Based precautions
***See Table 4-3
Ch 4 Pg. 88: RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH ETIQUETTE
1. Cover the mouth and nose during coughing and sneezing
2. using tissue to avoid spreading respiratory secretions to others with immediate disposal into a no-touch receptacle.
3. offering a mask to persons who are coughing to decrease contamination of th
Ch 4 pg. 88......Use of Standard Precautions
1. Use personal protective equipment (PPE): Gloves, facial masks, shields, gown respirators, footwear
2. Hand hygiene includes both hand washing with either plain or antiseptic containing soap and water , and use of alcohol-based products (Gels and foams)
Ch 4 Pg. 91: Standard Precautions (Clinical Alert)
~Standard precautions have been designed to be used for patients, health care providers, and visitors in health care facilities.
~Standard Precautions reduce the risk of infections being transmitted from health care workers, to patients, patients to patie
Ch 4 pg. 91......ISOLATION FOR HOSPITAL OUTBREAKS
Occasionally, outbreaks of particular infections occur in one or more hospital areas. To control the out break the need for special precautions and isolation procedures might occur. Any health care worker entering or exiting these areas should be made awa
Ch 4 pg. 94.....PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT (REVERSE ISOLATION)
~Protective Environment (Reverse Isolation) = facilities for patients who have suppression of their immune system due to stem cell transplantation or other disorders such as cancer. They must live in an environment that is completely sterile.
Ch 4 pg. 94....INFECTION CONTROL IN SPECIAL HOSPITAL UNITS
~Infection control in Nursery unit:
~Best way to minimize infection is to use gloves and an antiseptic for hand washing
~A major concern in neonates ICU's and nursery units is the transfer of highly infectious, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
Ch 4 pg. 94...SPECIFIC ISOLATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURAL STEPS
~Most hospitals require for isolation procedures include on a cart outside the room
1. Disposable gloves
2. Gown
3. Mask
4. Protective eyewear
Ch 4 pg. 95...Gowning, Masking and Gloving
To prevent the transmission of microorganisms from health care workers to patients, or form patients to health care workers.
1. Alchohol-based rub or soap and water
2. Gown
3. Mask
4. Face shield or goggles
5. Chemically clean disposable gloves or sterile
Ch 4 pg. 102......Infection control and safety in the clinical laboratory
See list on pg. 102: you know them :)
Ch 4 pg. 102...Disinfectants and antiseptics
~DISINFECTANTS = are chemical compounds used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms and are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
~ANTISEPTICS= are chemicals used to inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms and may be use
Ch 4 pg. 103...Fire Safety
~Fire safety is the responsibility of all employee's in the health care institution.
~Know locations of fire extinguishers & fire blankets and how to use them
Types of fires:
A= Ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, clothes etc...
B= Flammable: grease, gaso
Ch 4 pg. 104...EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO POSSIBLE FIRE
~if a fire or explosion occurs in the workplace, the health care worker SHOULD NOT DO the following:
~Block entrance
~Reenter the building
~Panic
~Run
~if a fire or explosion occurs in the workplace, the health care worker SHOULD: RACE
R= Rescue....Pull c
Ch 4 pg. 105... Electrical Safety
~Do not use power cords that are frayed
~Avoid using extension cords
~Unplug electrical equipment during maintenance or any repair
~While collecting blood, avoid contact with any electrical equipment
~Use 3 pronged electrical plugs for all equipment
Ch 4 pg. 104...Radiation Safety
Three cardinal principals of self-protection from radiation exposure are time, shielding, and distance. Radiation exposure is cumulative; thus limiting the length of exposure at any one time is a major factor in minimizing the hazard
Ch 4 pg. 106...Chemical Safety
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) developed a labeling system for hazardous chemicals that is frequently used in health care facilities
~the system uses a diamond-shape symbol, four colored quadrants, and a hazard rating scale of 0-4.
~Blue is t
Ch 4 pg. 106...Safety Showers & the Eyewash Station
~The victims of chemical accidents must immediately rinse for 15 minutes
~In case of a chemical spill in the eye, the victim should rinse his or her eyes at the eyewash station for a minimum of 15 minutes and take contacts out and do not rub and take to t
Ch 4 pg. 107... Equipment and Safety in Patients' Room
1. Make certain that all specimen collection supplies are either properly disposed of or returned to the specimen collection tray after blood collection
2. check bed rails to make sure they get put back up if they where up when you cam in the room
3. Chec
Ch 4 pg. 108...Patient Safety Related to Latex Products
Patients as well as health care workers, may be allergic to latex products. Reactions might include:
~Skin rash
~Hives
~Nasal, eye or sinus irritation
~Shock
Ch 4 pg. 109...Disaster Emergency Plan
~Health care workers should become familiar with procedures that are developed for cases such as hurricans, flooding, earthquake, bomb threat, and other disasters.