biodiversity
the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems
taxonomy
the science of describing,naming, and classifying organisms
taxon/taxa
any group within a taxonomic system
binomial nomenclature
the system of organisms having a two part scientific name
domain
A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
kingdom
in a traditional taxonomic system, the highest taxonomic category, which contains a group of similar phyla
phylum/phyla
in a traditional taxonomic system for organisms other than plants, the category contained within a kingdom and containing classes
class
in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within a phylum or division and containing orders
order
in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within a class and containing families
family
in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within an order and containing genera
genus/genera
in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within a family and containing species
species
a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above sub-species
autotrophic
organism produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or the environment
photosynthetic
organism obtains energy and carbohydrates from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
chemosythetic
organism obtains energy and carbohydrates from inorganic molecules (not sunlight)
heterotrophic
organism obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts
multicellular
Made up of more than one cell.
unicellular
Made of a single cell
prokaryote/prokaryotic
a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei
eukaryote/eukaryotic
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
chitin
A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility
cellulose
A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
what types of evidence do biologists use when classifying organisms?
genetic makeup and physical traits
correctly formatted scientific name:
Terrapene carolina (in italics)
incorrectly formatted scientific name:
terrapene Carolina
characteristics of Eukarya
-consists of eukaryotes
-large and has nucleus
-complex cellular organelles
-contains plants, animals, fungi, and a variety of single-celled organisms
characteristics of Bacteria
-made up of small prokaryotic organisms
-has a cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm that lacks complex organelles, and at least one circular chromosome
-does not have a nucleus
characteristics of Archaea
-consists of prokaryotes
-has a distinctive cell membrane and other unique biochemical and genetic properties
-many inhabit harsh environments
which domain contains what were probably the earliest organisms on Earth?
bacteria
characteristics of protista
-Eukaryotic
-cell wall made of cellulose or other materials
-unicellular
-autotrophic
characteristics of fungi
-eukaryotic
- cell wall made of chitin
-multicellular and unicellular
-heterotrophic
characteristics of plantae
-eukaryotic
-cell wall made of cellulose
-multicellular
-autotrophic
characteristics of animalia
eukaryotic
-no cell wall
-multicellular
-heterotrophic