Orbitals are
Regions of space in which the electron is likely to be found.
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
2 electrons
The variable that indicates the shell number is
n; n=the period number.
The variables that indicate the subshells are
s, p, d & f
As the shell numbers get bigger
the electrons that occupy them have higher energies and are more likely to be found further from the nucleus.
When there are two electrons in the same orbital, what is the relationship between their spins?
One electron is spin up and the other is spin down.
When filling orbitals with electrons, the electrons go first into
The lowest energy orbital that is not full.
When filling a subshell in which the orbitals are equal in energy,
Make sure there is one electron in each of the orbitals before you have two electrons share an orbital.
What type of subshell(s) are available to shell n=1?
Only s
What type of subshell(s) are available to shell n=2?
s & p
What type of subshell(s) are available to shell n=3?
s, p & d
What is the number of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an s subshell?
There is one orbital that can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
What is the number of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p subshell?
There are three orbitals that can hold two each for a maximum of 6 electrons.
What is the number of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a d subshell?
There are five orbitals that can hold two each for a maximum of 10 electrons.
What is the total number of electrons that the n=1 shell can hold?
The 1s subshell can hold 2 electrons, so 2.
What is the total number of electrons that the n=2 shell can hold?
The 2s subshell can hold 2 & the 2p subshell can hold 6, so a total of 8.
What is the number of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an f subshell?
There are seven orbitals that can hold two each for a maximum of 14 electrons.
What is the total number of electrons that the n=3 shell can hold?
The 3s subshell can hold 2, the 3p subshell can hold 6 and the 3d subshell can hold 10, so a total of 18.
What is the total number of electrons that the n=4 shell can hold?
The 4s subshell can hold 2, the 4p subshell can hold 6, the 4d subshell can hold 10 and the 4f subshell can hold 14, so a total of 32.
The s-block elements are
the elements found in the first two columns of the periodic chart plus helium
The p-block elements are
the elements found in groups 3A-8A, minus helium.
The d-block elements are
the elements found in the B groups, between the s & the p blocks.
The f-block elements are
the elements found in the two rows below the main part of the periodic table.