Atom
Smallest whole piece of an element
Proton
Positive charge
Neutron
No charge
Electron
negative charge
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Compound
Substance formed from 2 or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same
Subscript
Letter, figure, or symbol
Coefficient
Number in a chemical equation that represents the number of units of each substance taking part in a chemical reaction
pure substance
Element/compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substance
Mixture
A substance made by mixing other substances together
homogeneous mixture
Solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout; hard to seperate
heterogeneous mixture
Mixture such as mixed bites or dry soup mix, in which different materials are unevenly distributed; are easily identified
Solute
in a solution, the substance being dissolved
Solvent
In a solution the substance in which the solute is dissolved
Solution
homogeneous mixture that remains constantly uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen without a microscope
unsaturated solution
Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a particular temperature
saturated solution
Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature
supersaturated solution
Any solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature
Colloid
Heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle
physical change
Any change in size shape or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same
physical property
Any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material
Chemical change
Change of one substance into a new substance
chemical property
Any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
Molecular bonding
Chemical bond that involves sharing electron pairs between atoms
Iconic Bonding
Attraction formed between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound
Alloy
mixture of elements that has metallic properties
Uranium
Heaviest element found in nature
transuranium elements
Synthetic or man made elements
Monoatomic (singular), molecule
Two types of elements
NO
Do protons ever change?
90
Naturally occurring elements on earth
47% oxygen, 28% silicon, 8% aluminum, 5% iron, 4% calcium
What Earths crust is made up of
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% others
What Earths atmosphere is made up of
Compounds
Are there more elements or compounds?
Chemical bonds
Mixtures do not form what together?
Water
What is the universal solvent?
Malleability
ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets without breaking
Ductility
The ability of a substance to be pulled into wires.
Exothermic
Gives off heat
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Non-metals
On the periodic table, what is everything to the right of the staircase?
Metalloids
On the periodic table, what does the staircase represent?
Metals
On the period table, everything to the left of the staircase including the bottom two rows are what?
protons and neutrons
Found in the nucleus of an atom
Electrons
orbit/circle the nucleus and have a negative charge. create a magnetic field.
Number of protons
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Atomic mass
Sum of protons and neutrons
atomic mass-atomic number
How do you find the number of neutrons in an element
Electrons
What is not considered when determining the atomic mass of an element?
Solid, ductile, malleable, conduct electricity and heat, and large with a tendency to lose electrons
Properties of metals
Weaker
The farther away electrons are from the nucleus, the _ the bond is.
Cations
Metals form _ which lose an electron. Creates a positive charge
Gas or solid, brittle, don't conduct heat and electricity well, essential for life, small tend to gain electrons
Properties of non-metals
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
Non metal elements essential for life
Stable
An element is _ if protons and electrons are the same
The metal atom
What an ionic compound starts with
Determine common charges, write down all ions present, and balance the charges with additional ions
How do you build an ionic compound
polyatomic ion
An ion with more than one atom
H2O
water
HCl
hydrochloric acid
Mg
Magnesium
Cu
Copper
NaCl
Table Salt
SiO2
Sand
Colloids
All dairy products are what
Solution
Solvent+Solute
exothermic/endothermic reaction, color change, gas produced, light produced, or properties change
5 indications that a chemical reaction has occurred
Atom
Smallest whole piece of an element
Proton
Positive charge
Neutron
No charge
Electron
negative charge
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Compound
Substance formed from 2 or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same
Subscript
Letter, figure, or symbol
Coefficient
Number in a chemical equation that represents the number of units of each substance taking part in a chemical reaction
pure substance
Element/compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substance
Mixture
A substance made by mixing other substances together
homogeneous mixture
Solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout; hard to seperate
heterogeneous mixture
Mixture such as mixed bites or dry soup mix, in which different materials are unevenly distributed; are easily identified
Solute
in a solution, the substance being dissolved
Solvent
In a solution the substance in which the solute is dissolved
Solution
homogeneous mixture that remains constantly uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen without a microscope
unsaturated solution
Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a particular temperature
saturated solution
Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature
supersaturated solution
Any solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature
Colloid
Heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle
physical change
Any change in size shape or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same
physical property
Any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material
Chemical change
Change of one substance into a new substance
chemical property
Any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
Molecular bonding
Chemical bond that involves sharing electron pairs between atoms
Iconic Bonding
Attraction formed between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound
Alloy
mixture of elements that has metallic properties
Uranium
Heaviest element found in nature
transuranium elements
Synthetic or man made elements
Monoatomic (singular), molecule
Two types of elements
NO
Do protons ever change?
90
Naturally occurring elements on earth
47% oxygen, 28% silicon, 8% aluminum, 5% iron, 4% calcium
What Earths crust is made up of
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% others
What Earths atmosphere is made up of
Compounds
Are there more elements or compounds?
Chemical bonds
Mixtures do not form what together?
Water
What is the universal solvent?
Malleability
ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets without breaking
Ductility
The ability of a substance to be pulled into wires.
Exothermic
Gives off heat
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Non-metals
On the periodic table, what is everything to the right of the staircase?
Metalloids
On the periodic table, what does the staircase represent?
Metals
On the period table, everything to the left of the staircase including the bottom two rows are what?
protons and neutrons
Found in the nucleus of an atom
Electrons
orbit/circle the nucleus and have a negative charge. create a magnetic field.
Number of protons
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Atomic mass
Sum of protons and neutrons
atomic mass-atomic number
How do you find the number of neutrons in an element
Electrons
What is not considered when determining the atomic mass of an element?
Solid, ductile, malleable, conduct electricity and heat, and large with a tendency to lose electrons
Properties of metals
Weaker
The farther away electrons are from the nucleus, the _ the bond is.
Cations
Metals form _ which lose an electron. Creates a positive charge
Gas or solid, brittle, don't conduct heat and electricity well, essential for life, small tend to gain electrons
Properties of non-metals
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
Non metal elements essential for life
Stable
An element is _ if protons and electrons are the same
The metal atom
What an ionic compound starts with
Determine common charges, write down all ions present, and balance the charges with additional ions
How do you build an ionic compound
polyatomic ion
An ion with more than one atom
H2O
water
HCl
hydrochloric acid
Mg
Magnesium
Cu
Copper
NaCl
Table Salt
SiO2
Sand
Colloids
All dairy products are what
Solution
Solvent+Solute
exothermic/endothermic reaction, color change, gas produced, light produced, or properties change
5 indications that a chemical reaction has occurred