chemical bonds
atoms are held together by what kind of bonds?
hydrogen (2), helium (2), lithium (2), beryllium (4), boron (4)
incomplete octet: exceptions (5)
phosphorus (10), sulfur (12), chlorine (14)
expanded octet: exceptions (3 examples)
amount of energy released when a gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell
ionization energy definition
increases from left to right, decreases from top to bottom
periodic table trend for ionization energy
ionic and covalent
two types of bonds
a metal and a non-metal
ionic bonds typically contain two kinds of atoms:
typically non-metals with similar electronegativity
in covalent bonding, an electron pair is shared between two atoms:
the degree to which a pair of electrons is shared equally/unequally between the two atoms
what determines polarity in a covalent bond?
no
are electrons shared in an ionic bond?
high MP/BPs, dissolve in H2O/other polar solvents, a good conductor of electricity
characteristics of ionic bonds
atoms share electrons, lower MP/BPs, poor electricity conductors, weak intermolecular interactions
characteristics of covalent bonds