The Cardiovasuclar System: Cardiac Cycle

difference in blood pressure

valves open in response to ________ on their two sides

a. right ventricle --- pulmonary trunk
b. left ventricle --- semilunar aorta
c. left atrium --- left ventricle
d. right atrium --- right ventricle

list the chambers/vessels that the 4 valves connect:
a. pulmonary semilunar
b. aortic semilunar
c. mitral
d. tricuspid

mid to late; diastole

ventricular filling occurs during _____ ventricular _____

AV (atrioventricular)

blood flows through the ____ valves into the ventricles

intraventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure

during ventricular systole, what CLOSES the AV valves?

intraventricular pressure is greater than pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta

during ventricular systole, what OPENS the semilunar valves?

bloodflow back toward the heart- due to aortic pressure being greater than intraventricular pressure

during isovolumetric relaxation, what CLOSES the semilunar vavles?

atrial pressure is greater than intraventricular pressure

during isovolumetric relaxation, what OPENS the AV valves?

with hypertension, the ventricular pressure must rise higher to open the semilunar valves. for the same increase in pressure in a normotensive person, less blood is ejected in a hypertensive person. thus, the heart of someone with hypertension must work h

why is hypertension hard on the heart?

70

looking at the ventricular volume graph, the stroke volume is approximately how many ml?

a. AV valve- open; Semilunar valve- closed
b. AV valve- closed; Semilunar valve- closed
c. AV valve- closed; Semilunar valve- open
d. AV valve- closed; Semilunar valve- closed

during the 4 phases listed below, state whether the AV and semilunar valves are open or closed:
a. ventricular filling
b. isovolumetric contraction
c. ventricular ejection
d. isovolumetric relaxation