Upper Airway Structures
Nose and mouth
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Larynx
Lower Airway Structures
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchopulmonary segments, terminal bronchioles, alveoli
Sterile section of respiratory system
Lower Airway
Pharynx
throat
Larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
Trachea
windpipe
Lungs
soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity; main organs of the respiratory system
The right lung has how many lobes?
3 lobes
Left lung has how many lobes?
2 lobes
apex of the lung
tip or uppermost portion of the lung
Alveoli
tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
Base
lower portion of the lungs
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
lowering the surface tension of the alveoli, allowing them to inflate during breathing
Ventilation
movement of air in and out of the lungs; breathing
respiration/gas exchange
-oxygen is taken from the lungs and to the tissues
-Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and is then expelled out these tubes when we exhale
Hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Eupnea
normal breathing
Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
Dypsnea
difficulty breathing
Room air O2 concentration
21%
pneumonia
Infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, fungi, or virus; this may lead to filling of fluid in the lungs
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi (in adults)
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
pulmonary embolism
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
Pulmonary hypertension
elevated pulmonary pressure resulting from an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow through small arteries and arterioles.
inadequate oxygenation may cause feelings of
anxiety, fear, and panic
Tachypnea
fast breathing
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
Kussmaul respirations
regular but abnormally deep and rapid respirations
Biot's respirations
varying depth and rate of breathing, followed by periods of apnea; irregular
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
gradual increase in respirations followed by a gradual decrease in depth, then a period of apnea
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Wheezing
Difficult breathing with a high-pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration
arterial blood gases
a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
chest physiotherapy
a series of maneuvers including percussion, vibration, and postural drainage designed to promote clearance of excessive respiratory secretions.
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck