Vocabulary Level G Unit 4

atrophy

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away
synonyms: (n.) degeneration, deterioration,; (v.) wither
antonyms: (n.) growth, development,; (v.) mature, develop

bastion

(n.) a fortified place, stronghold
synonyms: citadel, rampart, bulwark, parapet

concord

(n.) a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity,; a treaty, pact, covenant
antonyms: disagreement, strife, discord

consummate

(adj.) complete or perfect in the highest degree,; (v.) to bring to state of completion or perfection
synonyms: (adj.) masterful; (v.) clinch, conclude
antonyms: (v.) launch, initiate, begin, kick off

disarray

(n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder
synonyms: (n.) disorganization; (v.) dishevel, mess up
antonyms: organization, order, tidiness

exigency

(n., often pl.) urgency, pressure; urgent demand, pressing need; an emergency
synonyms: requirement, crisis

flotsam

(n.) floating debris; homeless, impoverished people
synonym: floating wrekage

frenetic

(adj.) frenzied, highly agitated
synonyms: frantic, overwrought
antonyms: calm, controlled, relaxed, leisurely

glean

(v.) to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by the reapers
synonyms: collect, cull, pick up

grouse

(n.) a type of game bird; a complaint; (v.) to complain, to grumble
synonyms: (v.) gripe, kvetch, bellyache

incarcerate

(v.) to imprison, confine, jail
synonyms: intern, immure
antonyms: liberate, release, free

incumbent

(adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds specific office at the time spoken of
synonyms (adj.) mandatory, necessary
antonyms: (adj.) optional, unnecessary

jocular

(adj.) humorous, jesting, jolly, joking
synonyms: waggish, facetious, droll, witty
antonyms: humorless, solemn, grave, earnest, grim

ludicrous

(adj.) ridiculous, laughable, absurd
synonyms: risible, preposterous
antonyms: heartrending, poignant, pathetic

mordant

(adj.) biting or caustic in thought, manner, or style,; sharply or bitterly harsh
synonyms: acrimonious, acidulous, sardonic, scathing
antonyms: bland, mild, gentle, soothing

nettle

(n.) a prickly or stinging plant; (v.) to arouse displeasure, impatience,, or anger; to vex or irritate severely
synonyms: (v.) peeve, annoy, incense, gall, irk
antonyms: please, delight, soothe, pacify

pecuniary

(adj.) consisting of or measured in money; of or related to money
synonyms: monetary, financial

pusillanimous

(adj.) contemptibly cowardly or mean-spirited
synonyms: craven, lily-livered
antonyms: stouthearted, courageous, daring

recumbent

(adj.) in a reclining position, lying down, in the posture of one sleeping or resting
synonyms: prone, prostrate, supine, inactive
antonyms: erect, upright, energetic, dynamic

stratagem

(n.) a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent or to gain an end
synonyms: ruse, trick, ploy, subterfuge