IB English Useful Vocabulary for Paper 1 and 2

hollow

Empty, void
Without significance or value- meaningless

allusive

having reference to something implied or inferred; containing, abounding in, or characterized by allusions.

restrained

controlled, restricted

poignant

Deeply moving; strongly affecting the emotions- touching, moving, sad

detached

Impartial, disinterested; unconcerned, distant, aloof

audacious

(adj.) bold, adventurous, recklessly daring

somber

(adj.) dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spiri

giddy

(adj.) dizzy; light-headed; lacking seriousness

sentimental

of or prompted by feelings of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia
emotional, nostalgic

fanciful

Over-imaginative and unrealistic
highly ornamental or imaginative in design.

complimentary

expressing a compliment; praising or approving
flattering, appreciative

condescending

patronizing, supercilious, superior, snobbish, snobby, scornful, disdainful, lofty, lordly, haughty, imperious;

contemptuous

scornful, disdainful, disrespectful, insulting, insolent, full of contempt; derisory, derisive, mocking, sneering, jeering, scoffing, taunting, withering, scathing, snide; condescending, supercilious, arrogant

nostalgic

Longing for the past-wistful, evocative, longing/yearning/pining for the past, romantic, sentimental, emotional about the past, regretful, dewy-eyed, maudlin, homesick

zealous

Extremely active, eager, devoted

irreverent

(adj.) disrespectful

candid

(adj.) frank, sincere; impartial; unpose

satiric

(adj.) mocking

whimsical

lightly acting in a fanciful or capricious manner; unpredictable

learned

having acquired much knowledge through study- scholarly, erudite, well educated, knowledgeable, well read, intellectual, intelligent, clever, academic, literary, bookish, highbrow, studious, sage, wise, sagacious, discerning, donnish, cerebral, enlightene

mock-heroic

A purposefully done over-imitation of something heroic

objective

Based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings

diffident

(adj.) shy, lacking self-confidence; modest, reserved

petty

(informal terms) small and of little importance

elegiac

Expressing sorrow or lamentation

disdainful

Full of bitter scorn and pride; aloof

lugubrious

sorrowful; mournful; dismal

pedantic

excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overscrupulous

indignant

(adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean

flippant

Humorous in a disrespectful, casual way; rudely witty

patronizing

Condescending, humilating

facetious

Humorous; playfully joking, flippant, jocular

clinical

very efficient and without feeling; coldly detached.

mock-serious

jokingly serious

inflammatory

(adj.) causing excitement or anger; leading to violence or disorder

benevolent

(adj.) kindly, charitable

burlesque

a ludicrous, mocking, lewd imitation

incisive

(adj.) sharp, keen, penetrating (with a suggestion of decisiveness and effectiveness)

scornful

Feeling or expressing contempt or derision

effusive

Emotionally excessive; overly demonstrative

colloquial

Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing

compassionate

Feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others.

impartial

unbiased; neutral

insipid

Dull

pretentious

(adj.) done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious

vibrant

Lively; full of vitality

moralistic

characterized by or displaying a concern with morality; didactic, overly instructive

taunting

reproaching in scornful or sarcastic language; jeering; mocking

turgid

Pompous;

sardonic

cynical; scornfully mocking

contentious

argumentative; quarrelsome; causing controversy or disagreement

insolent

Boldly disrespectful

jargon

(noun) specialized technical terminology; a characteristic language of a particular group

vulgar

Crude; indecent

scholarly

Intellectual, academic

esoteric

known or understood only by a few

connotative

The ideas or concepts a word suggests in addition to its literal definition

literal

Exactly true, rather than figurative or metaphorical

artificial

insincere or affected

euphemistic

substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.

sensuous

Appealing to the senses

figurative

departing from a literal use of words; metaphorical

bombastic

pompous in speech and manner

abstruse

Difficult to understand

grotesque

(adj.) unnatural, distorted; bizarre

concrete

existing in a material or physical form; not abstract- tangible, tactile

idiomatic

characteristic of a particular language

cultured

Educated, polished, and refined

picturesque

1. visually very appealing or impressive, often by virtue of quaintness or unusualness or through seeming fit for a painting or photograph

homespun

Simple and unsophisticated

provincial

unsophisticated, narrow-minded, parochial, small-town, suburban, insular, parish-pump, inward-looking, limited, restricted, localist, conservative, narrow;
small-minded, petty, blinkered, illiberal, inflexible, bigoted, prejudiced, intolerant;

trite

(adj) commonplace; overused, stale

obscure

Difficult to see, vague

awe

A feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder

veneration

Profound Respect

solemn

Not cheerful or smiling; serious; gloomy

reverence

A feeling or attitude of deep respect

sanguine

ruddy; cheerfully optimistic

mirth

Gladness and gaiety; great merriment.

relish

(n.) enjoyment or satisfaction; something that adds a pleasing flavor; (v.) to enjoy greatly

bliss

Extreme happiness

despondent

Downhearted; hopeless; overwhelmed with sadness

dismal

Causing gloom or depression

funereal

sad; solemn; suitable for a funeral

saturnine

gloomy, dark, sullen, morose

dejection

Lowness in spirits; sadness; depression

morose

(adj) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable

bleak

Depressing, discouraging, harsh, cold, barren, raw

remorse

Deep and painful regret for wrongdoing
guilt

agony

Great pain of mind or body; suffering

anguish

(n.) great mental suffering, distress, or pain; (v.) to be deeply tormented by pain or sorrow

barren

too poor to produce much or any vegetation.
showing no results or achievements; unproductive.
bleak and lifeless

affection

A fond or tender feeling

cherish

be fond of, love, adore

fondness

affinity

romantic

conducive to or characterized by the expression of love

platonic

intimate and affectionate but not sexual

adoration

(noun) admiration

passion

Fervor, ardor

lust

have a strong desire for something

rapture

A state of great joy, delight, or love

ecstasy

Extreme happiness

infatuated

Filled with excessive, shallow, or foolish love or desire.

enamor

Fond of; feeling love towards

compassion

(n.) sympathy for another's suffering; pity

exaltation

Great joy

zeal

Extremely active, eager, devoted

fervor

feelings of great warmth and intensity

ardor

Enthusiasm or passion

elation

A feeling of great joy or pride

jubilant

Joyful, happy

buoyancy

Lightness or resilience of spirit; cheerfulness.

serene

tranquil, placid

tranquil

calm, peaceful, serene, placid

placid

Calm, peaceful, tranquil

anticipate

expect

vehement

(adj.) intense, forceful, powerful, showing strong feeling (anger)

outrage

an extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or indignation.

antipathy

extreme dislike

petulant

(adj) peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset

incensed

angry

irascible

(adj) easily angered, irritable

riled

angry

acrimony

Bitterness or sharpness of temper, manner, or speech; hostility.

irate

(adj.) angry

wrath

(n.) intense anger

rancor

A deep, long-held feeling of hatred or bitterness.

hostility

A strong hatred or dislike

miffed

offended, annoyed

choleric

Extremely irritable or easily angered; irascible

aggravation

an exasperated feeling of annoyance

futility

feeling of being ineffective; uselessness, hopelessness

umbrage

A feeling of anger caused by being offended

bristle

to show irritation

exasperation

Irritation, frustration

witty

showing or characterized by quick and inventive verbal humour
humorous

cynical

believing that people are motivated purely by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.
contemptuous; mocking.

biting

sharp; sarcastic

vengeance

(n.) punishment in return for an injury or a wrong; unusual force or violence

abhorrence

Hate coupled with disgust

animosity

(n.) strong dislike; bitter hostility

enmity

(n.) hatred, ill-will

malice

Desire to harm others

pique

a feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight, especially to one's pride.
feel irritated or resentful
arouse

aversion

A strong dislike

loathe

Hate

despise

Look down on; scorn; feel contempt for; abhor; disdain

scorn

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

disdain

Intense dislike

repugnance

Extreme dislike; disgust

resentment

s, a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

spite

a desire to hurt, annoy, or offend someone.

timidity

lack of self-confidence or courage

apprehension

Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.

anxiety

A state of over worry

dismay

To discourage; make fearful or uneasy

agitation

(n.) a violent stirring or movement; noisy confusion, excitment; a stirring up of public enthusiasm

sinister

(adj.) appearing evil or dangerous; threatening evil or harm

startle

To scare or surprise

uneasy

not comfortable; worried or nervous

qualms

misgivings, reservations, causes for hesitancy

angst

a feeling of deep anxiety or dread

trepidation

Fear, nervous apprehension

intimidation

Fear, restraint or discouragement caused by threat; the act of causing such

appalled

horrified, shocked

dreadful

causing fear or dread or terror

Words to comment on the EFFECTIVENESS

depicts, evokes, portrays, conveys, paints, describes

Words used to SUPPORT A POINT

demonstrates, exemplifies, clarifies, delineate, illustrates, shows, denotes, therefore

words used for EMPHASIS

reiterates, stresses, emphasizes, reinforces, echoes, highlights, underlines, underpins, focuses, furthermore, underscores, thus

words used to comment on the EFFECT OF DICTION

connotes/connotations, suggests, parallels, alludes, infers, implies,

words used to COMPARE/ CONTRAST

contrasts, juxtaposes, conversely, difference, dichotomy, however, in spite of, nevertheless, similarly,

critical

censorious, condemnatory, condemning, castigatory, reproving, denunciatory, deprecatory, disparaging, disapproving, scathing, criticizing, fault-finding, judgemental, negative, unfavourable, unsympathetic;

criticize

censure, denounce, condemn,attack, disapprove of, carp at, disparage, denigrate, deprecate, malign, vilify, besmirch, pan, slam, hammer, blast, savage, crucify;

dangerous

hazardous, perilous, risky, high-risk, fraught with danger, unsafe, uncertain, unpredictable, precarious, insecure, exposed, vulnerable,

important

main, chief, principal, key, major, salient, prime, dominant, foremost, supreme, predominant, paramount, overriding, cardinal, crucial, vital, indispensable, critical, essential, significant, urgent; central, fundamental, basic;

influential

powerful, authoritative, dominant, controlling, strong; important, prominent, predominant, leading, prestigious, distinguished, noteworthy