(1)Hunting and gathering societies
organize rather small groups into political units
(1)The paleolithic age refers to
The period in which simple stone tools were developed
(1)A characteristic of the human species before the sdvent of civilization was
the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones
(1)The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPT
The tendancy to believe in many gods
(1)The neolithic revolution occured first in
the middle east
(1)Why did the origional inhabitants of austrailia not develop agriculture?
They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently
(1)once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for all of the following EXCEPT
they were easier for ordinary people to make at home.
(1)A society is almost certainly a civilization if
it practices sedintary agriculture
(1)The development of writing
helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic
(1)Sumerian civilization produced the first
written law code
(1)Egypt differed from mesopotamian civilization by stressing
well-organized, durable empires
(1)Which river valley civilization was most completely destroyed by natural disasters such as climate change?
Indus
(1)among the early river civilizations
The Huanghe culture in china was the most isolated
(1)Jewish monotheism
emphasized the power and abstraction of god.
(1)which of the following areas was NOT one of the earliest civilizations to develop?
West Africa
(2)Chinese views of nature emphasized
Harmony and balance
(2)which of the following groups was considered "low standing" in official chinese social hierarchy?
Merchants
(2)Women in Han chinese society
Sometimes become quite powerful in a household
(2)The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that
it was more centralized
(2)A famous example of "cultural diffusion" in early chinese history was
The introduction and spread of Buddhism from India
(2)The chinese government accepted Daoism for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Daoists believed that nobles were holier than peasants
(2)Chinese art featured
careful craftsmanship and detail work
(2)A "dynasty" in chinese history was
a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation
(2)One difference between classical china and the earlier huanghe river valley civilization was what
human sacrifices were suppressed
(2)One of chinas key economic strengths was
high levels of technological innovation
(2)All of the following constituted a function of government in Han china EXCEPT
schools for peasant boys
(2) ceremony became an important part of upper-class chinese life because
the chinese believed that it would help unify society and prevent greed.
(2)One difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations
Political organizations were more elaborate
(2)Which of the following was a confucian belief?
A good society has a hierarchy both in family and state
(2)The "son of Heaven" concept was designed to promote all of the following EXCEPT
priests control of the state
(2)Daoists would agree with confucianists on all of the following EXCEPT
the importance of political activity
(3)Hinduism urged that
all living creatures participated in the divine essence
(3)Compared to china, Indian social and economic structure
gave a stronger role to merchants
(3)In the classical period, both china and india
showed considerable tolerance for different religions
(3)Confucian and Hindu values both
Helped justify and preserve social inequality.
(3)In contrast to china, the social values that developed in classical India
encouraged greater emotional spontaneity
(3)Nalanda became famous for
its university that attracted students from all over Asia
(3)Indias trading network involved direct contact with all of the following EXCEPT
Russia
(3)Indias political tradition
Stressed the importance of regional and local units
(3)The mauryan dynasty differed from the gupta dynasty in that
it ruled a larger territory
(3)Compared to china, India
had greater contact with other societies and civilizations
(3)The indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by
enforcing rules about social behavior
(3)Buddhism differed from Hinduism by not believing
in the caste system
(3)The aryan conquerors brought to india
distinctive religious ideas
(3)"Nirvana" meant
full union with the divine essence
(3)Hindu ethics involved
emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life.
(4)If the greek genius was politics, the roman genius was
engineering
(4)The two mediterranean powers fighting in the punic wars were
carthage and rome
(4)Compared to modern american ideas about democracy, athenian democracy was distinctive in
Urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policymaking
(4)Greek politics resembled indian politics in
the tendency of regional fragmentation
(4)From a confucian viewpoint, the roman empire might have been criticized for placing too much confidence in
laws rather than trained officials
(4)Republical romans and democratic athenians would have agreed that all of the following were politically important
division of powers within the state
(4)the senate of republican rome particularly represented
the landed aristocracy
(4)roman emperors tried to prevent popular disorder by
organizing food supplies and distribution
(4)The roman empire
tolerated local political and religious diversity
(4)The socratic method emphasized the importance of
questioning
(4)The greek and Hellenistic approach in science
used mathematics to try and explain natures patterns
(4)Hellenistic society was known for its advances in
medicine and geometry
(4)Compared to chinese architecture, Greek and roman architecture
featured monumental styles
(4)Greek and roman agriculture
tended to develop large, commercial estates.
(4)Both rome and the ancient greeks depended on slavery. one result of this was
both groups lagged in technological advances when compared to the chinese or the indians.
(5)One important early symptom of romes decline was
the drop in population due to a series of plagues
(5)Everywhere it spread, Buddhism stressed
meditation and ethical behavior
(5)Compared to Hinduism and Buddhism, all of the following constitute distinctive features of late-roman christianity EXCEPT
non-believers cannot join the church
(5)The end of the gupta empire differed from the decline of rome in that it did not involve
the introduction of a new religion for the majority
(5)Monasticism first developed in italy under the leadership of
socrates
(5)after 200 C.E., an increasing number of people in asia, europe and north africa began to adapt faiths characterized by
animism
(5)Despite major differences, christianity, hinduism, and buddhism all show interest in
life after death
(5)By 600 C.E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in
brazil
(5)Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over the armies of empires because
they were more skilled as hoursemen
(5)Compared to Hinduism, Christians are more likely to
see humans as superior to the rest of nature
(5)Japan developed a religion called
Shintoism
(5)The "lessons" of late han china and the late roman empire are that the decline of a civilization, whether temporary or permanent
is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders
(5)The first kingdoms in eastern Africa below the sahara showed the influence of
egypt and hellenism
(5)the eastern portion of the roman empire experienced less decline than the west for all of the following EXCEPT
the east resisted the spread of christianity
(5)Which of the following best srvived the hun invasions in india?
hindu beliefs
(6)Wich of the following cultures found in the arabian peninsula was most significant in shaping the development of islam?
Bedouin
(6)Which of the following statements concerning bedouin society is NOT accurate?
Clans were commonly congregated together in larger tribal groupings
(6)What was the Ka'ba?
The religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce
(6)What was the major difference between medina and mecca?
Political dominance in medina was contested between a number of jewish and bedouin tribes.
(6)What was the nature of the material culture of bedouin society?
Except in the sedentary agricultural communities of the south, there was little art or archetecture and the chief focus of cultural creativity was oral poetry,
(6)What was the initial response of the umayyads to muhammads new faith?
They regarded him as a threat to their wealth and power as he questioned the traditional gods of the ka'ba
(6)Which of the following statements concerning muhammads flight to medina is NOT correct?
Muhammad fled from mecca with nearly one quarter of the citys population.
(6)What was the principle advantage of the islamic concept of the ummah?
it transcended old tribal boundaries and made possible political unity among arab clans.
(6)Which of the following is NOT among the "five pillars" of Islam?
Pilgrimage to medina
(6)The office of the political and religious successor of muhammad was called
caliph
(6)What was the result of the first civil war between ali and the umayyads?
Despite early successes, Alis faction disintegrated leading to an umayyas victory and alis assassination.
(6)The political and theological faction within islam that recognized only ali and the descendants of the family of muhammad as rightful rulers was called
Shi'is
(6)What was the umayyad attitude to other religions?
the umayyads displayed tolerance towards the religions of dhimmi peoples
(6)What was the most significant of the transormations brought about by the abbasids rise to power?
The mawali were admitted as full members of the islamic community.
(6)What was the nature of slavery within the abbasid social system?
Slavery was limited to the non- arab converts to islam, and died out during the period of the abbasid empire.