Belief in >1 God even though aware of other Gods
Henotheism
shaman
I,II,III - medicine man, possessed by spirits, messenger
mana
a sacred power & unforeseen force. Considered origin of religion
Primary purpose of mystical religions
to unite with the divine
Cosmogonic myth
Creation. Cosmogonic or creation myth explains foundation of well-organized world
sacred, as a comparative
set apart from ordinary experience. Awe experiences or holy objects
Primary purpose of religious scholarship
Understand patterns.
Native North American creation myth
Emergence from Earth. Reverence of nature.
World view underlying Australian arorigines
Dreamtime. Subject of much of their art. (Dreamcatchers, etc).
trickster
engages in pranks that teach moral lessons
male rite serves all EXCEPT
introducing men to women. They are actually separated
Language of Vedas
Sanskrit
NOT a Hindu leader in 19th century?
Ghandi. He was a leader in the 20th century.
Ghandi considers great scripture(s)
I, III, IV. He was inspired by Bhagavad G--- and Ramayana.
Aryan
Eastern Europeans from Iran who came around 1600 B.C.
Central teaching of Upanishads
Soul must emerge with Brahman for liberation. Basis for Post classical Hinduism.
Hindu canonical texts
The Vedas: an extensive body of sacred hymns, chants, instructions
Hinduism: follows path of bhakti
Demonstrate great devotion to God. Means the way of devotion
Hinduism: image worship
Honoring the presence of God.
Traditional purpose of yoga
Disciplines the mind. Comes from the word yuj (to join)
Hindu practices open to women EXCEPT
Officiating in a puji at the temple
How castes are determined
Material wealth is not used for determination since these are assigned by birth
Four stages of Life EXCEPT
A child. The actual 4 stages are student, householder, forester, Sannyasi (Mendicant)
dharma includes what concepts
II, III, IV. Includes duty, order, religion
karma
Actions & consequences.
NOT Vishnu
Shankara. The real avatars incarn's are Krishna, Kurma (turtle), Kalki (horse), Matsya (fish)
Spread Buddhism in East Asia except
Pilgrimage by Buddha. Brought by traders
NOT a key figure in Japan Buddhism
Chinui. The actual 5 are Eisai, Dogen, Honen, Shinran, & Nichiren
Jataka tales
tales showing that good karma=enlightenment
Significant place in life of Buddha
Bodh Gaya. While he sat under the Bodhi tree.
Buddha's family name
Siddhartha Gautama.
When Emperor Wuzong persecuted Buddhists
845 C.E. This Tang emporor prohibited all others to promote Taoism
Anatman demonstrates
The ego is an illusion
Permitted in Buddhists ancestry worship
II & III. Without this worship, Buddhism would've ceased to exist
Buddha nature means
Essence of Buddha exists in all humans. (Zen)
NOT characteristic Ch'an Buddhism in China
Repeating name of Amida. (Pure Land) Repeating it works in Japan, though
Themes from Zen with belief in early Buddhism
Meditation is key to enlightenment
Sangha in Buddhist tradition
Monks only
Ideal relationship in lay & monks
Monks teach, Lay persons provide food
Mahayana Buddhism; bodhisattva
refers to the ideal Buddhist
Kuan Yin (Guan Yin)
Divine embodiment of compassion in Mahayana Buddhism (like Virgin Mary)
NOT Theravada Buddhist canon
Lotus Sutra. In Mahayana though.
True Lao Tzu (Laozi)
II, III. Inspiration for Taoism & maybe wrote Dao de Jing, but did NOT start church
Confucionism influence EXCEPT
Indian. Influenced China, Japan, Korea, & Vietnam though
Confucian: Analects and...
Book of Mencius. (Analects, Mean, Learning, Mencius)
Confucian scholars accepted
Hierchical structure of society. Even though feudal systems were breaking down
Confucian: illustration of Li
Making offerings to ancestors
Compared to Buddhists, Confucians
In comparison one values death & afterlife
Confucian: chun-tzu (zhungzi)
Gentleman
Confucian: ren/jen
Benevolence or human heartedness. (inward)
Confucian: likes this more than Daoists
Scholarship
Confucian: Mandate of Heaven
With the sanction of higher powers
Confucian: I-Ching
Book of divination
Scholars debate whether Confucianism
Debating if it is a religion. More of a code of conduct
Dao de jing is best described
Spontaneous & natural.
Chinese religion is combo of Confucianism and
...and parts Buddhist & Daoist
Judaism: Most important functionaries
Priests (Kohains), then in favor of rabbis
Temple in Jerusalem built by
King Solomon built these. He's King David's son
Judaism: women rabbis
I, III, IV. Any woman can become this except for Orthodox branch
Modern state of Israel in
1948 this was deemed
Reform Judaism began
Early 19th century Germany.
Hear O Israel, the Lord Our God, The Lord is One
Shema. This is essence of Jewish faith
Judaism: 3 core ideas
God, Torah, Israel.
Moses rec'd decalogue where
Mount Sinai
Judaism, Christianity, Islam's common ancestor
Abraham
Relation btwn God & Jewish people
II, IV. Heart of Jewish religion in turn for God's care
Judaism: ritual initiation to adult status involves
Religious literacy
Judaism: the world is fundamentally
World is fundamentally good
Judaism: Exodus
Liberation from slavery in Egypt
Judaism: importance of Sabbath
Remembrance is commandedin Decalogue
Judaism: Torah
Pentateuch. Part of the Torah
Judaism: Talmad oral law because
Tradition from Moses
Christianity: 2 Gospels of Jesus's birth
I, III. Matthew & Luke
Jesus's behavior toward women?
He welcomed them
Per Paul, greatest Christian virtues
Love.
Epistles; women in Christian church were
Not permitted to preach
Christianity: official religion established b/c
Constantine dreamed it
True of Puritanism in New England?
II, IV. John Calvin
Represents change intiatiated by 2nd Vatican
English instead of Latin used
A chief cause of Lutheran Reformation
Selling of indulgences
Traditional attitude toward Old Testament
Contains the revelation of God
Per Paul, Christians attain faith by
Spirituality with Christ
Life and actions exmplified Jesus's Sermon on the Mount
II, III, IV. Compilation of His teachings
True of Christian bishops
I, II. Ordain, confirm, & lead large area
Meanings of the resurrection of Jesus prevail
I, III. Shows His power over death & grants immortal life
Orthodox Christianity icons
I, IV. Portray person or event
Nicene Creed formulated the view
The Trinity is formulated
Statements about Catholic mass
I, III, IV. Celebration of Eucharist, recreation of Last Supper.
NOT an emphasis of Protestant Fundamentalism
Trinity is not emphasized
Hijra (hegira) refers to
622 C.E. when He fled Mecca to Medina & began the start of this religion
Pre-Islamic Arabia had what religious characteristic
Polytheism
Ramadan commemorates what
First revelation of Qur'an to Muhammad
First city of Muhammad
Medina
Sunni Muslims follow the
Qur'an & early caliphs. They believe in voting for leaders, though)
Country with largest number of Muslims
Indonesia the most, then Pakistan, Bangladesh & India
Pillars of Islam EXCEPT
Modesty. They are actually faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, pilgrimage
Task of Mahdi
Lead the world into new age
Best example of sacred space in Islam
Mecca. All His followers must go there sometime in their lives
Islam: most important belief
Unity of God (Allah=the one God)
Explains Islamic support for science
Discoveries of truths about the world created by Him
Islam: most important activity in mosque
Prayer. Masjid (bowing down)
Sunni Islam is distinguished from Shi'ite how?
Imam is NOT clergyman/lecturer
shari'a
Way to live
Islam
Submission (to will of God)
Islam: Muhammad
I,IV. Religious/political leader who received Qur'an