Which of the following was NOT a problem for the new nations created in the wake of the withdrawal of European imperialists'?
reconquest by Europeans
Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states'?
Europeans hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity.
The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted in the creation in 1972 of the independent nation of
Bangladesh.
The Ibo peoples attempted to create the independent state of Biafra, but failed to successfully secede from
Nigeria.
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitudes of African leaders with respect to altering unnatural boundaries created in the colonial era?
African leaders seek to maintain boundaries for fear that adjustment could provide precedents for dissident minorities in their own states.
What was the most formidable barrier to economic growth post-colonial Africa?
rapid population growth
European colonizers contributed to African population growth by all of the following means EXCEPT
by encouraging immigration of large numbers of whites.
Which of the following statements concerning population growth in the Third World is most accurate?
The rate of population growth of Africa is greater than that of Asia.
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the high birth rate of Third World nations?
the ability to import food to feed the increased population
One of the chief by-products of population growth in Third World nations has been
mass migrations to cities.
What did Third World cities lack that had made possible the absorption of a similar migrant influx in the West?
expanding industrial sectors
Which of the following statements concerning the urban poor in Third World cities is most accurate?
Development specialists have concluded that slums provide the only urban housing the poor are likely to find.
Which of the following is NOT a problem in the rural environment of Third World countries?
insufficient labor supply
On what have Third World countries traditionally depended to finance industrialization?
sale of cash crops and minerals
In what export commodity have some Third World nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy I at least for periods of time?
oil
Neocolonialism" refers to
the continued relegation of the Third World to economic dependency after decolonization.
Which of the following is NOT a drawback to accepting investment capital from First and Second World nations?
excessively high rates of interest
What was Kwame Nkrumah's response to the failure of his programs of social reform and economic uplift?
He forcibly crushed all opposition parties and assumed dictatorial powers.
Nkrumah's Ghana
was actually the old Gold Coast and had little to do with the ancient kingdom, which had been located farther north.
Kwame Nkrumah's political and economic programs
led to failed development schemes and his eventual ouster from power in 1966.
One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is
military takeovers.
Which of the following countries has NOT experienced a military takeover of its government?
India
Which of the following reasons was NOT a factor in explaining the frequency of military takeover in Third World nations?
Most of the people favored strong military rule.
Among the worst examples of military regimes in Third World nations was
Uganda.
The Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1928, was led by
Hasan al-Banna
The Muslim Brotherhood embraced all of the following EXCEPT
non-violence
The Khedive Farouk was toppled from power in 1952 by a coup led by
the Free Officers Movement.
The man who emerged as head of the Egyptian government following the 1952 coup was
Gamal Abdul Nasser.
The military government of Egypt after 1952 attempted all of the following reforms EXCEPT
an isolationist foreign policy to minimize military expenses.
The Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out of the Suez Canal Zone in
1956
The cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952 was
the Aswan dam project.
In which of the following ways did Anwar Sadat alter Egyptian policies established by .the military government after 1952?
He ended the costly confrontation with Israel after 1973.
In which of the following ways was India similar to Egypt following decolonization?
emphasis on socialism and state intervention
In the first decades of independence, India was governed by
J. Nehru.
Perhaps more than any other Third World nation, India has been successful at
preserving civil rights and democracy.
Who was brought to power in 1979 in Iran through a radical revolution?
Ayatollah Khomeini
In many respects, the Iranian revolution of 1979 is most like
the Mahdist revolution in the Sudan in the 1880s.
Iran, unlike other areas of the Third World,
had not been formally colonized by European powers, but had been reduced to an informal sphere of influence.
Development schemes in Iran were forestalled because of
a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring Iraq.
What European colonizer, other than Britain, was able to hold on to its colonies in Mrica into the mid-1970s?
Portugal
From 1948, South African politics were dominated by
the Nationalist Party.
What were the "homelands" established by the government of South Africa?
areas designated for the main ethno-linguistic groups of indigenous peoples within South Africa
Which of the following methods was NOT used by the South African government to suppress dissent among the black population?
use of state programs to improve the conditions of the black townships
One of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in South Africa in 1990 was the freeing of
Nelson Mandela.