Lusitania
British passenger ship sunk by a German U-Boat - 1200 people died including 128 Americans
Sussex Pledge
After the Lusitania sunk Woodrow Wilson threatens to end diplomatic relations with Germany, than Germany promises not to sink more merchant vessels without warning
Zimmerman Note
German telegram sent to Mexico proposing an alliance- stated that Germany would help Mexico reconquer the lose territory of New Mexico
Selective Service Act
Required men 21-30 to register to be drafted into the armed services
Fourteen Points
Wilsons ideals after war, freedom of ships on the seas, smaller armies, end of secret agreements between nations
Liberty Bonds
Money from the sale of these provided loans to the Allies to buy food and war supplies
Armistice
Truce that ended the war- 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month of 1918(Veterans Day)
Wilhelm II
German leader who thought Germany could get though Belgium to get to France before Russia could mobilize their troops and the war would be over in 6 months
Allies
Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy
# of Nations that fought in WWI
30
Mobilize
To prepare military for war
Schlieffen Plan
Germanys plan for a fast attack on France then an attack on Russia(Belgium slowed them down)
First Battle of the Marne
German army was 25 miles out of Paris, the French stopped Germany at the Marne River east of Paris. Germany retreated
Triple Entente
France, Britain, Russia's alliance
No-man's land
Area between opposing trenches
U-boats
submarines, were the worlds largest and most advanced, causing heavy losses to Allied shipping
Stalemate
neither side can win a clear victory
3 new weapons used to fight in the trenches
Airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, and tanks
Propaganda
posters created to encourage Americans to support the war
causes of political tension in Europe
nationalism, militarism, the triple alliance, the triple entente
Nationalism
belief that a specific nations language or culture is superior to all others
Treaty of Versailles
Final peace settlement of world war I (included some of 14 points)
Dough Boys
American foot soldiers
Victory Garden
a kitchen garden planted during wartime to relieve food shortages
Franz Ferdinand
heir to throne in Austria who was assassinated by a Serb nation alisted(started war)
Central Powers
Austria-Hungray, Germany, joined later by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire
Second Battle of the Marne
both sides suffered heavy casualities, Germans losses destroyed their ability to attack againS
George Creel
Ran the commitee on public information(CPI)
Nicholas II
Russian czar who hesitated to mobilize troops after Austria-Hungray declared war on Serbia(bcaz of the assassignation of Ferdinand)
Treaty of Brest- Livtovsk
Peace treaty to keep Russia out of the war
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungray alliance later joined by Italy
League of Nations
congress of nations formed to settle international disputes and maintain peace
Trench Warfare
French + German armies built protective ditches- they dug simple holes or complex networks with rooms for sleeping and eating
militarism
the building up of military forces or strong influence of military values on a society
balance of power
a situation in which the strength of rival alliances is nearly equal
Arthur Zimmerman
the German forgeign secretary who proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico againist the United States
CPI- Committee on Public Information
agency to help raise public support for the war effort
Sedition Act of 1918
made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyally about the U.S. goverment
War Industries Board(WIB)
created by Wilson to oversee the production and distribution of goods made by the country's war industries
National War Labor Board
created by Wilson that worked to settle disputes between workers and management and to prevent strikes
American Expeditionary Force(AEF)
commanded by Pershing-included a large force of volunteers and draftees as well as soldiers from the regular army and the National Guard
Communists
people who seek the equal distribution of wealth and an end to all forms of private property
an armistance
a truce
self-determination
the right of people to decide their own political status
Reparations
payments for damages and expenses caused by the war
Western Front
In WWI, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other
Woodrow Wilson
28th President of the United States
David Lloyd George
British prime minster-main concern was keeping the British empire together and protecting it's interests
Georges Clemenceau
French premier-wanted to punish Germany so severely that it could never hurt France again
Vittorio Orlando
Italian prime minster- wanted Italy to recieve land it had been promised when it entered the war on the allied side
Nicolai Lenin
Russian leader of the Bolsheviks, made treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Alexander Kerensky
took control of nation, tried to keep Russia in war while implementing democratic reforms