Nile River Valley
The area of land surrounding the river that flows through Egypt
Egypt
ancient kingdom of the pharoahs and modern day country
Nile River
brought life to the people who lived by it, the longest river in the world
delta
a triangular shaped area of soil at the mouth of a river
silt
a mixture of soil and small rocks, deposited by the innundation of a river, very good for growing crops
Lower Egypt
northern ancient Egypt, the land of the delta
Upper Egypt
southern ancient Egypt
Memphis
a city in ancient Egypt on the Nile, capital of the Old Kingdom
papyrus
a reed-like crop used for making paper by the Egyptians
cataract
waterfall
6
How many cataracts break up the flow of the Nile?
unify
to bring together
white
What color crown did the king of Upper Egypt wear?
red
What color crown did the king of Lower Egypt wear?
red land
the name the Egyptians gave the desert land beyond the river valley because it was dry and lifeless
black land
An ancient Egyptian term for the area long the Nile that was flooded. Because of the silt carried by the river, the annual flood acted both to moisturize and fertilize the ground, providing the basis for the very productive Egyptian agriculture
Menes
What legendary king is said to have unified lower and upper Egypt?
Scorpion and Narmer
What other two kings do some scholars believe may have first unified Egypt?
Manetho
c. 300 BC - Egyptian priest and advisor who began keeping records of the ancient Egyptian kings
pharaoh
Egyptian word meaning, "great house of the king". Used in New Kingdom, first by Ahmose
hieroglyphics
picture writing where the symbols represent words or ideas (but each symbol can also stand for sounds)
Rosetta Stone
Stone that contained carved messages in hieroglyphics, Greek and demotic. Led to deciphering of hieroglyphics.
pyramids
monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.
mummy
a preserved corpse
Giza
an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo, site of the Great Pyramid among other pyramids and the Sphinx
Khufu
the egyptian pharoh who in about 2250 b.c. ordered the construction of the largest pyramid.
Deir el-Medina
on the west bank of the Nile, across from Thebes a workers village was built - what was this village called?
economy
the way people in a civilization or country use and manage resources
the Red Sea
Name the sea that borders Egypt to the east
Hatshepsut
female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade
Akhenaten
The heretic Egyptian pharaoh. He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk.
Tutankhamen
A pharaoh, or king of Egypt, who lived about 1400 B.C. His reign was relatively unimportant, but the discovery of his unplundered tomb in the 1920s is numbered among the great archaeological discoveries of all time. He restored traditional worship to Egyp
Nubia
a kingdom to the south of Egypt
Meroe
one of the most important cities of Nubia, capital of the kingdom of Kush
Thebes
Capital city of Egypt and home of the ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms. Amon, patron deity of this city, became one of the chief gods of Egypt. Monarchs were buried across the river in the Valley of the Kings.
Kush
An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.
Hyksos
group of people form Asia, used horse-drawn war chariots and conquered Egyptians, egypt learned a lot then used knowlege to drive them out
independent
free
Thutmose III
Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered the greatest Pharoah of the New Kingdom of Egypt; reigned from 1479 B.C. to 1429 B.C.; expanded empire to include Syria and Nubia
Kashta
Kushite king who attacked Egypt, conquering Upper Egypt and began relations with Lower Egypt.
Piankhi
Son of Kashta, ruler of Kush, he was one of Kush's most successful military leaders. His army captured all of Egypt.
Napata
second capital of kush
Amanirenas
First Century BC Queen of Kush who led military expeditions and built monuments.
Ramses II
known as "the Great," he was the most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom; fought the Hittites in battle and signed peace treaty with them
Hatshepsut
I was the eldest daughter of their majesties King Tutmosis and Queen Ahmose. When I was young I married my half brother and after my father's death we reigned together for 14 years. My nephew became King upon my husband's death but he was still quite youn
Nefertiti
famous beautiful wife of Akhenaten
Snefru
he built 3 pyramids; the true pyramid, the bent pyramid, the pyramid at meydum
Imhotep
the real person- He was a brilliant scribe and architect who designed the first pyramid, Zoser's Step pyramid. He was later worshipped as the god of wisdom
Djoser
pharaoh for whom the step pyramid was built
predynastic
How is the period before Narmer/Menes/Scorpion unified upper and lower Egypt described?
early dynastic period
How is the era before the Old Kingdom and after the predynastic period described?
Ahmose
Name the pharaoh who threw the Hyksos out of Egypt around 1550 BC.
hypostyle
a large room with many columns
Piy
the first Nubian king to conquer ancient Egypt, he began the 25th dynasty
the Assyrians
Who conquered Egypt in 671 and ruled until 525 BC?
the Persians
Who conquered Egypt in 525 BC and ruled it until 332?
Alexander the Great
What famous Macedonian conquered Egypt in 332 BC?
Ptolemy I
What general and friend of Alexander succeeded Alexander and pharaoh of Egypt? His family dynasty ruled Egypt for the next 275 years.