Mongols, Genghis Khan
_______ were a group of nomads of Northern Eurasia established under _______ ____, or Timajin.
Yuan, Khublai Khan
The ____ Chinese Empire was established under _______ ____, grandson of Genghis.
Il-khan
Mongol Empire: representatives of the Great Khan who ruled Iran & Iraq in Middle Ages
Golden Horde
Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde. (p. 333)
Timur or Tamerlane
Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate, Timur through conquest gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire. (336)
Alexander Nevskii
He was the prince of Novgorod. He convinced other princes that it would be best if they went along with the Mongols.
czar
Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to Russian ruler by Ivan III.
Ottoman Empire
Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Cauc
Ming Empire
Empire based in China that Zhu Yanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. The later years of the Ming saw a slowdown in technological devel
Yongle
3rd emperor of the Ming Empire and constructed the Forbidden City.
Zheng He
Imperial Muslim eunuch sent to impress the world with the Ming's power
Kamikaze
Divine wind" that stopped the Mongol invasion of Japan.
Ashikaga Shogunate
2nd major military government headed by shogun.
Khanate of Jagadai
Mongol Empir in Central Asia.
Pax Mongolica
Mongol Peace: used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create
Ibn Buttuta
Well-traveled Muslim scholar who wrote what he saw unbiased.
Mansa Musa
Emperor of Mali and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Great Zimbabwe
City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. (p. 385)
Urdu
Form of writing and speech used mostly in Pakistan.
Hanseatic League
Northern European trade and military alliance, an economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.
Renaissance (Europe)
'Rebirth of knowledge', a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern Renaissanc
Scholasticism
A reconciling of reason and religion, a philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. (p. 408)
Humanists (Renaissance)
Scholars who wrote, spoke, and emphasized on individuality rather than groups,. European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy), influential in the
Great Western Schism
Division of the the church with a pope in Avignon and a pope in Rome.
Hundred Years War
A war between the French and English in which the French won, Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Florentine diplomat who wrote the book "The Prince".
Dante Alighieri
Florentine poet and author who wrote "The Divine Comedy" - journey through hell, purgatory, and the paradise.
Arawak
Amerindian people who inhabited the Caribbean Islands and first to see Columbus.
Henry the Navigator
Portuguese prince, established school of navigation, and encouraged exploration.
Caravel
Ship developed for exploration, A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. (p. 427)
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. (p. 428)
Ferdinand Magellan
First to circumnavigate the globe
Conquistadors
Spanish explorers who came to the new world, Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru.
Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547).
Pizzaro
For Spain. led a small army in an invasion of the Inca Empire. He conquered the Inca and gained huge amounts of gold and silver for himself and Spain.
Moctezuma II
Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes.
Atahualpa
Last ruling Incan emperor of Peru. Executed by the Spanish (Pizarro)
Treaty of Tordesillas
A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.