d. the bias of historical accounts, written by those whom the Mongols defeated
one problem facing historians, who study the mongols
a. lack of primary sources
b. inability to translate the Mongolian language and its literature
c. all contemporary chroniclers used exaggeration and hyperbole to describe the mongols
d. the bias of hist
b. tolerant of religious differences and encouraged trade
although the mongols were often brutal, they were
a. no less violent than europeans, muslims, or the chinese of the day
b. tolerant of religious differences and encouraged trade
c. unwilling to destroy art works and buildings
d. devoted to nonviolence
e.
e. bantu
pastoral nomads from the central asian steppe who had threatened sedentary civ. throughout world history included all of these except:
a. indo europeans
b. hsiung-nu (huns)
c. scythians
d. turks
e. bantu
a. exacted tribute but generally left the inhabitants alone
if people surrendered or were subdued without resistance the mongols:
a. exacted tribute but generally left the inhabitants alone
b. sold only the men into slavery
c. destroyed the towns and resettled the people on farmlands
d. settled amongst the sedenta
d. peaceful and prosperous
in general, mongol rule, like roman rule
a. intolerant
b. brutal
c. very disruptive to societies and their values
d. peaceful and prosperous
e. welcomed by sedentary peoples
c. india
when the mongols divided their empire, the only region which did not become a center for one of their khanates was
a. iran and mesopotamia
b. central asia
c. india
d. east asia
e. the steppes of russia, the ukraine, and siberia
b. led to 250 years of mongol dominance
russia's defeat by the mongols
a. had little effect on russian development
b. led to 250 years of mongol dominance
c. was avoided by the willingness of Russian princes to pay tribute
d. was meaningless because mongols abandoned the area for their homeland
a. led to the rise of serfdom
mongol policies in russia
a. led to the rise of serfdom
b. left moscow and kiev weak and unimportant
c. led to the rise of novgorod as the chief russian town
d. weakened orthodox christianity in russia and allowed islam to spread
e. permitted a free excha
c. facilitated the rise of the ottoman turks
the mongol conquest of the middle east
a. led to conversion of the mongols in the area to nestorian christianity
b. strengthened muslim armies to effectively resist the mongols
c. facilitated the rise of the ottoman turks
d. was supported by the muslims l
e. mameluks of egypt
the only power to succesfully defeat the mongols before 1300 CE was the
a. song china
b. russian principality of moscow
c. turks of asia minor
d. turks of central asia and persia
e. mameluks of egypt
e. spread of the black death from china to europe and the muslim world
the greatest long term impact of the mongol unification of much of central eurasia was the
a. new tech introduced
b. facil. of trade
c. conv. of the mongols to christianity
d. destruction of the old states and the rise of new ones
e. spread of the black d
b. to avoid the mongols being assimilated by chinese culture and practices
kublai khan's major concern in gov. china was
a. creating integrated chinese and military units
b. to avoid the mongols being assimilated by chinese culture and practices
c. educating mongol leaders and elites in chinese confucian culture
d. conv. of chin
a. muslims espc. persians and turks
based on the relg. conv. of some of the mongol khans and the number of foreign advisors used by the mongols, the most favored non-mongl. people were
a. muslims espc. persians and turks
b. the chinese
c. the nestorian christians
d. italian merchants
e. bud
b. peasants
mangol favoritism towards all of these grousp would have angered conf. scholars except
a. artisans
b. peasants
c. foreigners
d. muslims
e. merchatns
c. the devastation to nomadic populations caused by the black death
the transf. the most immediately weakened the power and influence of pastoral nomads over sed. civ was due to
a. intro of better organized sed. states
b. inc. centralization of sed. gov
c. the devastation to nomadic populations caused by the black death
d
d. byzantine empire
the medv. state which originated in the classical era, and whose fall in 1453 signed the end of the postclassical era was
a. song china
b. abbasid caliphate
c. kievan rus
d. byzantine empire
e. mameluk caliphate in egypt
a. islamic faith and piety won over rationalism and secular themes
what change in islam ended the postclassical age and began a new era
a. islamic faith and piety won over rationalism and secular themes
b. mass voncersions of muslims to christianity began
c. secularization of islam society began
d. islamic islands in C a
c. landlords seized power over the peas. and agric. productivity fell
as the postclassical era ended within muslim society
a. christ. and jew. merchants began to dominate trade and comm.
b. secularized schools opened
c. landlords seized power over the peas. and agric. productivity fell
d. slavery was abolished
e. women were
e. was not dramatic or sudden but occured gradually over several centuries
in comp. to the fall of the roman empire, the fall of the arab caliphate
a. had few repercussions on its inhabitants
b. was not due to outside invasions by pastorla nomads
c. produced prolong. econ. and polt. confusion in the M E
d. left no relg. institut
a. ended because they challenged confucian values and typical expenditures
the ming chinese naval expeditions of the early 15th century C.E.
a. ended because they challenged confucian values and typical expenditures
b. were followed by the chinese conquest of S E asia
c. were stopped by muslim naives in the indian ocean
d. led t
c. exploration and overseas adventures
the ming dynasty in china valued all of the polic. and trad. except
a. reviving foreign relations and tribute system with its neighbors
b. milt. expend. to eliminate nomad. threats in N china
c. exploration and overseas adventures
d. agri. interests over
d. ottoman turk inv. of W europe
all of these events led to the weak. or end of Medv. W europe inst. except the
a. bubonic plague
b. polt and theological attacks on the roman cath. church
c. rise of national monarchies
d. ottoman turk inv. of W europe
e. rise of non-aristo armies loyal t
b. was largely and cult. and intell. movement
the renaissance in europe
a. rejected medv. values
b. was largely and cult. and intell. movement
c. was apolt. revolution against eh power of the pop
d. was not a rebirth of class. cultures as it borrowed little from teh G, R and I achievements
e. avoided
c. innovative and ambitious
the renaissance spirit in W europe is best characterized as
a. relg. and sacred
b. imitative
c. innovative and ambitious
d. deferential toward elites and trad.
e. fearful and fatalistic
d. iberian peninsula (spain and portugal)
besides the italian city-states the geo region or state in W europe most supp. of change at the end of teh post-clasiscal era was
a. the holy roman empire (germany and low count.)
b. france
c. england
d. iberian peninsula (spain and portugal)
e. russia
a. low level of euro tech.
the major barrier to W europe expan. prior to the 15th century CE was
a. low level of euro tech.
b. lack of interest by W euro rulers for acquiring territory
c. overwhelming power of muslim and mogol states
d. relg. civil wars divided W europe and made ov
c. portugal
the first W europe nation to establish an overaseas empire in the 15th century Ce was
a. the netherlands
b. sweden
c. portugal
d. spain
e. france
d. produce cash crops like sugar to supply euro markets
the first euro colonial estates were set up to
a. export foodstuffs back to europe
b. receive excess pop. and alleviate overpop. at home
c. were unsuccessful and failed
d. produce cash crops like sugar to supply euro markets
e. caused very few eco and env
E. polynesia and the americas
later dev. that brought the post-class age 1000-1450 CE to an end would have influenced and affected all of these regions except
a. ME and N ofrica
b. east asia
c. south asia
d. W europe
E. polynesia and the americas
b. not restored until the w euro nations emerged as great powers
the resulting power vaccum in international affairs following the collapse of the arab caliphate was
a. further disrupted by the rise of the mongols
b. not restored until the w euro nations emerged as great powers
c. restored by the rise of the ottoman em