Absolutism
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) Ex: The Sun King who ruled France as an absolute ruler.
New Imperialism
late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers and the United States, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories. Ex: Africa!
Conservatism
a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes; Belief that strong, powerful monarchies needed to rule.
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Socialism
a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
Utilitarianism
The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Feminism
the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men
Imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
Impressionism
Major Western artistic style that gained prominence in the second half of the 1800s and into the 1900s.Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful.
Liberalism
A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.
Marxism
Violent revolt of the working or middle class; Middle class have control and act as the government. Ex: Russia
Mercantilism
an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
Nationalism
love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Radicalism
a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society; seek what they consider the roots of the economic, political, and social wrongs of society and demand immediate and sweeping changes to wipe them out; a
Communism
A political system in which the government owns and controls all resources and means of production and makes all economic decisions
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Humanism
A way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions, rather than religion
Romanticism
The use of reason that stressed the importance of feeling, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
Calvinism
Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative governme
Legalism
a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest
Colonialism
A policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its own resources for the benefit of the colonial power
Individualism
A belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
Secularism
A general movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief toward a rational, scientific orientation, a trend adopted by industrialized nations in the form of separation of church and state
Protestantism
A division from the Catholic church that brought up a reformation within Western Christianity. They protested against the established Roman Catholic Church. It began in earnest when Martin Luther called in 1517 for a reopening of the debate on the sale of
Rationalism
is the philosophy that knowledge comes from logic and a certain kind of intuition�when we immediately know something to be true without deduction
Absolutism
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) Ex: The Sun King who ruled France as an absolute ruler.
New Imperialism
late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers and the United States, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories. Ex: Africa!
Conservatism
a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes; Belief that strong, powerful monarchies needed to rule.
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Socialism
a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
Utilitarianism
The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Feminism
the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men
Imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
Impressionism
Major Western artistic style that gained prominence in the second half of the 1800s and into the 1900s.Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful.
Liberalism
A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.
Marxism
Violent revolt of the working or middle class; Middle class have control and act as the government. Ex: Russia
Mercantilism
an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
Nationalism
love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
Radicalism
a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society; seek what they consider the roots of the economic, political, and social wrongs of society and demand immediate and sweeping changes to wipe them out; a
Communism
A political system in which the government owns and controls all resources and means of production and makes all economic decisions
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Humanism
A way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions, rather than religion
Romanticism
The use of reason that stressed the importance of feeling, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
Calvinism
Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative governme
Legalism
a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest
Colonialism
A policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its own resources for the benefit of the colonial power
Individualism
A belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
Secularism
A general movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief toward a rational, scientific orientation, a trend adopted by industrialized nations in the form of separation of church and state
Protestantism
A division from the Catholic church that brought up a reformation within Western Christianity. They protested against the established Roman Catholic Church. It began in earnest when Martin Luther called in 1517 for a reopening of the debate on the sale of
Rationalism
is the philosophy that knowledge comes from logic and a certain kind of intuition�when we immediately know something to be true without deduction