Arabian Peninsula
Homeland of Islamic tradition
Mecca
Holiest city of Islam
Medina
Second holiest city of Islam
Jerusalem
Place Muhammad dies, 3rd holiest city in Islam
Muhammad
Founder of Islam
Angel Gabriel
Gives Muhammad visions and prophecies
Allah
Arabic word for God
Monotheistic
Type of religion with one god
Qu'ran (Koran)
Holy book of Islam, the Word of God given by Muhammad
Five Pillars of Faith
Islamic belief system
Faith (Iman)
Believe that Allah is the one true god
Prayer (Salah)
Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca
Alms to poor (Zakah)
Give a portion of your income to the poor each year
Fast during month of Ramadan (Swam)
No eating, drinking, or smoking from sunrise to sunset
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
Journey to Mecca once in your life
Trade routes
How Islam spread
Deserts, seas, mountains, and large distances
Barriers to spread of Islam
Weak Byzantine and Persian Empires
Helped the spread of Islam
Europe, Asia, and Africa
3 continents Islam spread to
Arabic language
Language that united the Islamic Empire
Sunni
Believed Caliph should be elected, no relation to Muhammad needed, Majority
Shi'a
Believed Caliph should be relatives of Ali (Muhammad's cousin/son-in-law), Minority
Damascus
Capital of Umayyad Caliphate until conquest in 635 CE
Battle of Tours
Muslims lose to Charles Martel in France
Dome of the Rock
Shrine in Jerusalem where Muhammed ascends to Heaven
Ka'aba
Holiest site and destination of the Hajj in Mecca
Mosaics
Byzantine art style that influenced Islamic art
Language of the Qu'ran (Koran)
Arabic
Minarets
Tall column-like architectural feature (added to Byzantine buildings by Ottomans)
Universities
Educational institutions, earliest found in Muslim territory
The Sunni Shia Split
Conflict over leadership after Ali, the 4th Caliph, is assassinated
Arabian Nights
Famous Arabic story, shows the reach of Islamic influence
Arabic numerals
0-9 borrowed from India
Islamic medicine
Expanded knowledge and practices based on Greek works like Hippocrates
Ibn Sina
Islamic doctor and "Father of Early Modern Medicine
Algebra
Arabic word 'al-jabr' = 'the reunion of broken parts'
Al Khwarizmi
Islamic mathematician and "Father of Algebra
Cartography
Mapmaking
Al Idrisi
Islamic cartographer, created a world map including parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa