What was the most important African state to emerge from the Islamic revival of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
Sokoto caliphate
How did the "new imperialism" of the late nineteenth century emerge?
It was a frantic activity to create vast overseas empires.
Industrialization and nation building in western Europe began to challenge the power of what empire in eastern Europe after 1860?
The Ottoman Empire
What was the key difference between Europe and nonindustrializing regions in the nineteenth century?
Industrialization
The majority of European migrants in the nineteenth century were
small landowners and village craftsmen.
In practice, what did European "good government" in Africa mean after 1900?
Law and order maintained by authoritarian governments
European superiority over colonial peoples in the nineteenth century was particularly aided by
steam power and the international telegraph.
What was the goal of the reforms known as the Tanzimat in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century?
To remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model
What is one indicator used to measure the greater living standards in the West in the late nineteenth century as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
Life expectancy
Which of the following statements defines a "migration chain," which was typical of the European migration of the nineteenth century?
A strong charismatic leader migrates first and is then followed by his or her family or village.
Which of the following nations was a nonindustrializing region in the nineteenth century?
Brazil
What part of the world experienced the most rapid population growth in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
Europe
Which area was one of the major destination points of the great migration from Europe in the nineteenth century?
Australia
Which three powers contested for control of southern Africa?
Boers, native peoples, and the British
What were the religious goals of the Tanzimat undertaken by the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?
Limited equality between Muslims, Christians, and Jews
What is the current state of scholarly understanding about the causes of global inequality?
Scholars debate whether the West created its wealth or stole it through colonialism.
Against whom did the Islamic revival movement in Africa aim its warfare in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
Animist rulers and Islamic states deemed corrupt
Which of the following statements describes the Young Turks, active in the Ottoman Empire around 1900?
They helped to prepare the way for the birth of modern secular Turkey.
Which of the following statements identifies an immediate impact of the use of steam engines for transoceanic voyages in the nineteenth century?
Prices for freight and shipping dropped.
What happened to many European migrants who went on the great migration of the nineteenth century?What happened to many European migrants who went on the great migration of the nineteenth century?
They returned home
What happened to many European migrants who went on the great migration of the nineteenth century?
Muslims
Which factor successfully challenged the international slave trade in West Africa in the 1800s?
Rise of trade in tropical products such as palm oil
One argument for Western imperialism in Africa was the need to expand what belief system into the continent?
Christianity
From a global perspective, what was the ultimate significance of the Industrial Revolution?
It allowed regions of the world that industrialized in the nineteenth century to increase their wealth and power in comparison with those that did not.
What connection did the "great white walls" have to European migration in the nineteenth century?
These discriminatory laws kept Asians out of European areas.
Leopold II of Belgium was forced to give up control of his royal colony in the Congo because of the efforts of
human rights activists.
What impact did Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" have on American imperialism?
It helped convince Americans not to give freedom to Filipinos.
About how many Asians left China, Japan, India, and the Philippines in the nineteenth century and up to 1920 to settle elsewhere?
About 3 million
What happened to the Afrikaners after the South African War of 1899-1902?
They joined British settlers in the new Union of South Africa.
Which cause of the new imperialism was signified by Rudyard Kipling's call on Westerners to "take up the White Man's Burden"?
Civilizing mission
How did the Asian migration in the nineteenth century compare in scale to European migration in that period?
It was a fraction of European migration.
What caused the great migration from Europe in the nineteenth century?
Overpopulation
What did the new methods of transportation in the 1860s allow Europeans to do with underpopulated areas in Africa, Asia, and Latin America?
Produce agricultural products and extract raw materials
What factor was a major stimulus of Jewish migration from Russia to the Americas?
Discrimination
What spurred British colonial expansion in southern Africa in the late nineteenth century?
Discovery of vast amounts of gold and diamonds
J. A. Hobson's argument against imperialism was based on his idea that it caused what problem for Europe?
A greater gap between rich and poor in Europe
What role did European powers play in the rise of Muhammad Ali to power in Egypt?
French withdrawal from Egypt in 1801 opened the door to his rise to power.
What group of people from the great migration came to dominate small businesses in some parts of Africa?
Indians
What advance did Arab merchants bring with them to East Africa after 1820?
Literacy and administrative skills
What was the most persuasive Western argument against European imperialism?
It was immoral.
How did the European powers convince Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali to return Syria to the Ottomans?
They threatened military action.
How did the migrations of Asians in the nineteenth century differ from the migration of Europeans in the same period?
Asians migrated as indentured servants; Europeans migrated as workers.
As the slave trade diminished along Africa's Atlantic coast, what simultaneous development occurred in worldwide patterns of slavery?
The Red Sea and Indian Ocean slave trade increased.
Western imperialists "opened" what region to trade while leaving it politically independent for most of the nineteenth century?
China
Why did the Ottoman Empire lose control of Algeria to France in the nineteenth century?
The empire had become too weak to maintain its hold on North Africa.
What was the economic impact of the great migration?
European settlers had more wealth than Europeans back home.
According to the nineteenth-century Egyptian thinker Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Islamic regeneration required which reform?
Purification of Islamic belief
What were the long-term repercussions of the transatlantic slave trade on West African states?
The trade brought warfare and economic turmoil to West Africa.
Why did violent resistance in Asia and Africa to Western imperialism usually fail?
Western military technology was superior.
Why was the discovery of quinine so crucial to the success of Europe in colonizing Africa in the late nineteenth century?
Quinine, a treatment for malaria, allowed Europeans to settle the interior.
How did British consul General Evelyn Baring (later Lord Cromer) rule Egypt after 1883?
As a moderate reformer who wanted to improve conditions for peasants
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