Industrial Revolution
the period following the Agricultural Revolution in the 1700's and 1800's reflecting an era of rapid industrial development in industry, urbanization, communication, and transportation
Great Britain
location where the Industrial Revolution BEGAN, due to its stability, natural resources, and enhanced transportation (due to plentiful rivers and the steam powered locomotive and abundant railroad tracks
Enclosure Movement
the period during the 1500's and 1600's in England when land was being fenced off and small lots of land were combined into larger, more efficient holdings
Textile Revolution (Textiles = Cotton)
the agricultural revolution led to greater production of cotton. people were looking for a way to turn cotton into useful products quickly. industry changed from the cottage industry, people working their homes, to the factory system, people running machi
Industrial Revolution & Machines
factories no longer relied on water power, steam engines became a new way to power machinery
Urbanization
refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization
James Hargeaves
invention: the spinning jenny
significance: faster production of more thread
James Watt
invention: first steam engine
significance: new form of power
Eli Whitney
invention: cotton gin
significance: cleans cotton faster
results:
1. more cotton cloth
2. increases slavery because more slaves are needed in fields to produce more cotton
Henry Bessemer
invention: bessemer process- mixing cold air to remove the impurities that weakened steel-new way to make steel
significance: new material for machines, buildings, transportation objects
Henry Ford
invention: assembly line
significance: faster and cheaper production of goods
Thomas Edison
invention: incandescent light bulb, electric generating, phonograph (record player)
significance:
- better, more efficient light source
- source of electricity
Alexander Graham Bell
invention: telephone
significance: revolutionized communication
Edward Jenner
invention: developed smallpox vaccination
significance:
- only known cure
- increased medical care
Louis Pasteur
invention:
- discovered bacteria
- developed pasteurization
- vaccine for rabies
significance: revolutionized medicine