In which of the following areas did Sultan Abdul Hamid continue to press for increased Westernization?
C) Military reform and the introduction of Western technology
Which of the following groups was responsible for the overthrow of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1908?
B) Young Turks
Which of the following reforms resulted from the coup in the Ottoman Empire of 1908?
B) Constitution of 1876 was restored
With what European power did the Ottomans contest the control of Libya just prior to World War I?
D) Italy
Which of the following statements concerning the relationships between the Young Turks and the Arabs of the Ottoman Empire after the 1908 coup is most accurate?
B) Arab support of the 1908 coup waned when they discovered that the Young Turks had no intentions of abandoning the concept of empire.
What nation's invasion of Egypt in 1798 signaled the beginning of European penetration of the Islamic heartland?
A) France
What Islamic group ruled Egypt in 1798?
C) Mamluks
By 1801 what ruler had succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?
C) Muhammad Ali, an Albanian officer in the Ottoman army
Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced in Egypt after 1801?
A) Restoration of the Mamluk armies
What prevented Muhammad Ali from overthrowing the Ottoman Empire?
D) Opposition of European powers
Which of the following reforms undertaken by Muhammad Ali failed?
C) Build-up of an Egyptian industrial sector
With which of the following groups did Muhammad All ally himself?
C) Ayan
Muhammad Ali's successors as rulers of Egypt were referred to as:
B) Khedives.
European financiers lent money to the profligate successors of Muhammad Ali because they desired access to Egypt's cheap cotton and, by the 1850s, a share in the:
C) Suez Canal.
Which of the following was an Islamic moderate in nineteenth century Egypt who urged the adoption of Western scientific knowledge and technology?
A) al-Afghani
The Khedival government of Egypt was threatened in 1882 by a rebellion of Egyptian military officers under:
B) Ahmad Orabi
What was the result of the rebellion by Egyptian army officers in 1882?
D) The Khedive called on the British to crush the rebellion resulting in British overlordship of Egypt.
What was the center of Egyptian administration in the Sudan?
D) Khartoum
On what basis did Muhammad Achmad claim leadership of the Sudanic resistance to Egyptian rule?
A) He claimed direct descent from Muhammad.
The successor to the Mahdi, Khalifa Abdallahi,:
C) fell in the Mahdist defeat at the battle of Omdurman in 1898.
Who was responsible for the unification of the Manchu tribesmen prior to the invasion of China in the seventeenth century?
B) Nurhaci
The dynastic name taken by the Manchu dynasty was:
C) Qing.
Which of the following statements concerning the Manchu government is most accurate?
C) Though Manchus occupied a disproportionate number of the highest political positions, there were few limits on Chinese promotions within the imperial bureaucracy.
In what area did the Manchus attempt to take strong measures of reform?
D) Alleviating rural distress and unrest
What accounts for the general failure of Manchu attempts at reform?
B) Enormous population growth and the disappearance of open lands
The new groups of merchants that developed in China under the more relaxed commercial system of the Manchus were called
C) compradors.
All of the following signs of dynastic decline were apparent in the Qing regime by the beginning of the nineteenth century EXCEPT:
C) failure of foreign commerce.
How large was the Chinese population by 1850?
C) 410 to 415 million
Unhappy about the unfavorable terms of trade in China, British merchants hit on a possible solution to reverse the flow of bullion in the form of:
B) opium from India.
What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?
C) Within years China's favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country.
The Chinese official charged with eliminating the opium trade in the 1830s was:
B) Lin Zexu.
What was the outcome of the Opium War?
D) British victory in the Opium War allowed European powers to force China to open trade and diplomatic exchanges.
The semi-Christian rebellion that broke out in southern China in the 1850s and early 1860s was the:
C) Taiping rebellion.
What was the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the nineteenth century?
A) The Manchu rulers stubbornly resisted the far reaching reforms that were the only hope of saving the regime and Chinese civilization.
In what year was the last emperor of China deposed in favor of a republican form of government?
D) 1912
Which of the following was NOT a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century?
C) Conversion of much of the population to Christianity
Which of the following statements concerning the Muslim economy at the beginning of the eighteenth century is most accurate?
D) Merchants within the empire, especially those who were Jews or Christians, grew more dependent on commercial dealings with European counterparts, accelerating the influx of Western goods.
Which of the following European powers seized territories of the Ottoman Empire in the early decades of the eighteenth century?
A) Austria-Hungary
In the later 1700s what power became the main threat to the Ottomans' survival?
D) Russia
The first region to successfully rebel and achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire was:
B) Greece.
By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire:
C) had been driven from virtually all of the Balkans.
What European nation supported the Ottoman Empire in order to prevent other European powers from gaining access to the Mediterranean?
A) Britain
What was the result of the reforms of Sultan Selim III (1789 -1807)?
C) The Sultan was toppled from the throne by a Janissary revolt.
What Ottoman Sultan successfully eliminated the Janissary corps as a military and political influence?
B) Mahmud II
Which of the following statements concerning the reforms of Mahmud II is most accurate?
A) Mahmud patterned his reform program on Western precedents, including the creation of a diplomatic corps
Which of the following was NOT part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?
D) Elimination of religious protection for minority religious groups
In what year was the revised constitution introduced as part of the Tanzimat reforms?
C) 1876
What group within the Ottoman Empire actually suffered as a result of the Tanzimat reforms?
C) artisans
Which of the following statements concerning the improvement of women's status as a result of the Tanzimat reforms is most accurate?
B) Despite widespread discussion of the practices of seclusion, polygamy, and veiling, few improvements in women's social status were won in the nineteenth century.
What Ottoman Sultan attempted to roll back the Tanzimat reforms and reinstitute an absolute monarchy in 1878?
D) Abdul Hamid