WHAP Chapter 16

In 802, what gift did Charlemagne receive from the Abbasid caliph, Harun al-Rashid?

an elephant named Abu al-Abbas

Byzantium's major advantage was its

strategic position on the Bosporus

What is NOT true of Constantinople?

It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman empire

The most important political feature of the Byzantine state was

its tightly centralized rule under a powerful emperor

The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors is known as

caesaropapism

Historians use the term caesaropapism to refer to

the system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority

The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was

Theodora

Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was as a

striptease artist

Hagia Sophia was

the magnificent church at Constantinople

Justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was

his codification of Roman law

Justinian's issuance of the Corpus iuris civilis

won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law.

Constantinople withstood sieges in 674-678 and 717-718 by

Muslim forces

One of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was the political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province, or

theme

After the collapse of western Roman authority,

Germanic tribes established regional kingdoms

Roman imperial power ended in 476 C.E. with the invasion of

the Germanic general Odovacer

Which Germanic tribe played the most important role in establishing the foundations of European development?

Franks

Charlemagne maintained diplomatic relations with

Harun al-Rashid and the Abbasid empire

Even though Charlemagne spent much of his time traveling around his empire, he did establish a capital at

Aachen

What is true about Charlemagne?

He was mistrustful of intellectual pursuits

Charlemagne made use of the missi dominici, or

envoys of the lord ruler

The main goal of the missi dominici was to

bring the counts under tighter control

When presented with the imperial crown, Charlemagne

hesitated to call himself emperor out of respect for the Byzantine emperors

On Christmas Day 800, Charlemagne received the imperial crown from

Pope Leo III

A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to the Frankish king,

Charlemagne

After the death of Louis the Pious, the Carolingian empire

was split into three parts by his sons

Constantinople was raided at least three times in the ninth and tenth centuries by the

Vikings

The theme system

made land available to the peasants in return for military service

The bezant

was the Byzantine gold coin that became the standard currency in the Mediterranean basin

One of the biggest reasons for increased agricultural production in Europe was the

introduction of a heavier plow

Historians once used the term feudalism to refer to

the political and social order of medieval Europe

In medieval society, political power was vested in

local authorities

The most important relationship in feudalism was between

lord and retainer

By the year 1000, the population of the two provinces of Christendom rose to about

thirty-six million

Who provided the Roman church with a sense of direction by reasserting papal primacy?

Gregory I

Emperor Leo III inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of

iconoclasm

St. Basil of Caesarea

played a key role in the rise of monasticism

The Benedictine Rule was spread to women living in convents by

St. Scholastica

In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople

mutually excommunicated each other

Saints Methodius and Cyril

devised the Cyrillic alphabet

What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia?

Kiev

The rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of

Prince Vladimir

True/False Historians refer to the era from about 500 to 1500 CE as the medieval period of European history�the "middle ages.

True

True/False Justinian was the Byzantine emperor who attempted to reconstruct Rome's greatness

True

True/False Corpus iuris civilis was the definitive codification of Roman law

True

True/False Charlemagne permanently reestablished imperial rule in the Frankish realm during his reign from 768 to 814

False

True/False The term "Vikings" originally referred to a group that raided the British Isles from their home in Vik in southern Norway

True

True/False Medieval western Europe was a society where cities thrived and trade linked all of the regions

False

True/False By the time the Roman empire collapsed, Christianity was the principal source of religious, moral, and cultural authority throughout the Mediterranean basin

True

True/False Basil II began iconoclasm

False

True/False St. Basil of Caesarea played an important role in the rise of monasticism

True

True/False St. Cyril helped to create a written Slavic alphabet

False

True/False Prince Vladimir helped convert Russia to Orthodox Christianity

True