What is the primary source of neutron? radiation?
Nuclear reactors used for producing energy
Which term is used to mean an explosive device that spreads radioactive material without a nuclear? detonation?
A.
Ammonium? nitrate/fuel oil bomb
B.
Suicide bomb
C.
Dirty bomb
D.
Smart bomb
Dirty bomb
Which substance is NOT classified as a type of biological? agent?
A.
Biological toxin
B.
?Encephalitis-like agent
C.
?Pneumonia-like agent
D.
Nerve agent
nerve agent
What should your highest priority be if you are the FIRST arriving unit to a suspected weapons of mass destruction? MCI?
A.
Triaging all patients.
B.
Determining the exact agent or device involved.
C.
Decontaminating patients.
D.
Establishing command.
Establishing command.
To which classification do? sulfur, lewisite, and phosgene oxime? belong?
Vesicants
1240
The current known vesicant agents include sulfur, nitrogen mustards, lewesite, and phosgene oxime.
These agents cause blistering, burning, and tissue damage on contact.
The eyes, skin, and lungs are the organs most commonly affected.
Which factor accounts for the lethality of the heat generated from nuclear? detonation?
A.
Duration of the heat
B.
Intensity of the heat
C.
Brilliance of the accompanying light flash
D.
Accompanying steam and smoke
Intensity of the heat
What should be considered in the medical direction component of a response plan for weapons of mass? destruction?
A.
Requiring? on-line medical direction for all patient care.
B.
Suspending EMS? providers' scope of practice limitations.
C.
Suspending the
Making all protocols standing orders.
For which type of agent would be atropine and praladoxime be MOST likely to be? effective?
A.
Mustard gas
B.
VX
C.
Phosgene oxime
D.
Tularemia
VX
VX is a nerve agent. Nerve agent antidote kits contain atropine and praladoxime.
Which type of injury is MOST associated with the tertiary phase of a conventional explosive? blast?
A.
Thermal burns
B.
Blunt trauma
C.
Penetrating shrapnel injuries
D.
Blast lung
Blunt trauma
The injuries produced by propulsion of the blast or shock wave are most likely going to cause blunt trauma
Which characteristic do? chemical, biological, and radiological weapons of mass destruction? share?
A.
Not effectively spread by wind
B.
Identified by a? pungent, acidic smell
C.
Generally easily contained once discovered
D.
Difficult for EMS personnel to
Difficult for EMS personnel to detect
describe the source of nuclear? radiation?
Particles and rays emitted from unstable atoms
A? 20-year-old female was injured from the blast of an explosion. This is an example of
A.
primary effect.
B.
tertiary effect.
C.
secondary effect.
D.
blast effect.
primary effect
THE BLAST OF AN EXPLOSION IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE PRIMARY EFFECT.
THE SECONDARY EFFECT RESULTS FROM FLYING DEBRIS, SHRAPNEL, AND OTHER PROJECTILES.
In addition to? biological, nuclear,? incendiary, and? explosive, what is another recognized category of weapon of mass? destruction?
A.
Flammable
B.
Microscopic
C.
Chemical
D.
Physical
chemical
Incendiary device
bombs are bombs. These bombs have been designed to start a fire. Sometimes they are also called firebombs. They were used very frequently in World War II. Materials such as Napalm, White phosphorus, thermite, chlorine trifluoride are often employed in suc
conventional explosive
he terms conventional weapons or conventional arms generally refer to weapons that are in relatively wide use that are not weapons of mass destruction
As a? classification, which type of chemical weapon is among the MOST? deadly?
nerve agents
Which is the cause of death of individuals near the epicenter of a nuclear? explosion?
A.
Blast injuries
B.
Primary radiation exposure
C.
Radioactive fallout
D.
Radiation sickness
Blast injuries.
Primary exposure is the primary radiation injury that occurs during or shortly after the detonation.
Most injury and death in the nuclear blast is caused by the blast and burns and not from primary radiation.
Which term BEST describes the planning principle of being prepared for any kind of weapon of mass? destruction?
A.
?Multiple-casualty approach.
B.
Incident command approach.
C.
Hazardous materials approach.
D.
?All-hazards approach.
?All-hazards approach.
You arrive on scene at an outdoor music festival where many people have experienced a sudden onset of? dyspnea, burning? eyes, and respiratory distress. You step out of the ambulance and notice the smell of? fresh-cut grass in the air. Upon which suspicio
A chemical weapon of mass destruction has been used.
FRESHLY MOWN GRASS SMELL IS INDICATIVE OF PHOSGENE OXIME
When approaching a scene suspected to involve a? chemical, biological, or radiological? substance, where should you locate the ambulance in relation to the? source?
A.
At least 150 feet away in any direction
B.
Uphill
C.
Downstream
D.
Downwind
uphill
Which type of weapon ignites certain elements that burn? rapidly, causing violent air? displacement?
A.
Radioactive
B.
Explosive
C.
Conflagration
D.
Incendiary
Explosive
What must be considered in the planning phase of EMS response to weapons of mass destruction? incidents?
A.
Having all personal protective equipment and specialized drugs immediately available on every ambulance.
B.
Having all personal prepared to act? in
Identifying alternate hospital destinations for injured patients.
What BEST describes the? EMT's first responsibility if he arrives on the scene and determines that the situation likely involves a terrorist? attack?
A.
Stage a safe distance from the scene and notify dispatch.
B.
Begin triage.
C.
Try to determine whether
Stage a safe distance from the scene and notify dispatch
Which event associated with a nuclear explosion can be life threatening to individuals far from the center of the? explosion?
A.
Fallout
B.
Thermal energy
C.
Blast wave
D.
Primary radiation exposure
fallout
Which approach would be used to prevent illness from anthrax? exposure?
Antibiotics
Which phase is NOT associated with a nuclear? blast?
A.
Incipient phase
B.
Primary phase
C.
Secondary phase
D.
Tertiary phase
Incipient phase
Which route of entry is the MOST common route by which biological agents enter the? body?
respiratory
weapon of mass destruction is known for being difficult to? detect, taking hours to days to become? apparent, with effects lasting from days to? weeks
Biological
Which biological agent is also naturally occurring in epidemic proportions in developing? nations?
A.
Smallpox
B.
Cholera
C.
Anthrax
D.
Plague
Cholera
What is the primary source of neutron? radiation?
A.
Microwaves in the home and from communication equipment
B.
Radon gas trapped in homes
C.
Diagnostic imaging equipment in medical facilities
D.
Nuclear reactors used for producing energy
Nuclear reactors used for producing energy
Neutron radiation is a powerful and very damaging particle that penetrates several hundred meters of air and easily passes through the body. Since it occurs infrequently outside of the nuclear chain? reaction, it
Which is the MOST penetrating type of? radiation, able to travel very long? distances?
gamma
Which approach would be used to prevent illness from anthrax? exposure?
Antibiotics are essential in the response to bacterial biological? weapons, such as? anthrax, against which the responder has not been immunized.
For which exposure would hydroxocobalamin be? considered?
Cyanide
Which neurotransmitter is a nerve agent designed to? block?
Acetylcholine
Which type of weapon of mass destruction causes minimal effect on structures but significant contamination of the? environment?
Chemical
you notice a pervasive odor of onions in the presence of patients with burning of the eyes and? skin, and respiratory distress. Which agent should you? suspect?
Mustard gas
What is the mechanism of action of nerve? agents?
A.
Increases production of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
B.
Blocks the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
C.
Blocks the effects of acetylcholine.
D.
Stimulates increased release of acetylcholine.
Blocks the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
nerve? agents disrupts the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitte
Which type of radiation exposure is MOST associated with a radiologic dispersal device? (RDD)?
Primary
if it is necessary to shield yourself and others against radiation? fallout, which characteristic of a shelter is required for? protection?
A.
?1/2 inch of steel
B.
10 inches of wood
C.
6 inches of concrete
D.
4 inches of earth
6 inches of concrete
As part of your planning and response to a weapons of mass destruction? incident, which hazard should you MOST anticipate when the weapon is a conventional explosive.
A.
Simultaneous biological attack
B.
The presence of a secondary device
C.
Impending nuc
the presence of a secondary device
Which type of radiation energy is a? slow-moving particle that can travel only inches in the air and is stopped by? clothing?
Alpha
Which chemical is classified as a nerve? agent?
A.
Sarin
B.
Mustard gas
C.
Acetylcholine
D.
Ricin
Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents
What is a characteristic of a? "dirty bomb"?
A conventional explosive used to disseminate radioactive material.
A rapid acting agent that disrupts the ability of the cell to use oxygen is
Cyanide is a rapid acting agent that disrupts the ability of the cell to use? oxygen, leading to severe cellular hypoxia and eventually death.
treatment of cyanide? poisoning?
Hydroxocobalamin
During which blast phase is rupture of the eardrums MOST? likely?
primary
During an? explosion, in which phase does the wind blast propel the patient to the ground or against other? objects, causing? injuries?
A.
Incipient
B.
Tertiary
C.
Primary
D.
Secondary
Tertiary
What can be used as a protective measure against radiation injury for those anticipating radiation? exposure?
Iodine? (potassium iodide) tablets
What is associated with exposure to fallout? radiation?
Nuclear fallout, or simply fallout, is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast or a nuclear reaction conducted in an unshielded facility, so ca
Exposure to fallout radiation can cause numerous problems related to damage of the DNA in cells. Cells that divide most? rapidly, such as those of the gastrointestinal tract and bone? marrow, are at greatest risk of damage. The cells may? die, repair? the
What should be available to EMS personnel responding to an attack with a nerve? agent?
A.
Potassium iodide
B.
Ativan
C.
Pyridoxine
D.
Atropine
Atropine blocks the effects of the excess acetylcholine at the nerve endings in nerve agent exposure. Two drugs are used to counteract the effects of the nerve? agent: atropine and pralidoxime? (Protopam).
Which type of radiation is a product of fallout decay that can travel several feet in the? air, and is stopped by clothing or? skin?
Beta particles are produced from fallout decay that can travel several feet in the? air, but is stopped by clothing or skin.? However, it can contaminate food and cause internal contamination if ingested
Which agent is a biological? toxin?
A.
Brucellosis
B.
Smallpox
C.
Ricin
D.
Tularemia
he five most significant biological toxins are? ricin, botulinum, staphylococcus enterotoxin 13? (SEB), epsilon toxin of clostridium? perfringens, and trichothecene mycotoxins? (T2). Tularemia is a pneumonia like? agent, brucellosis is a biologic agent an
What is a characteristic of phosgene? oxime?
A.
It gives off quickly? moving, blue-tinged vapors.
B.
It has the smell of almonds and orange peels.
C.
It results in? long, grey streaks appearing in the cumulous layer of the atmosphere.
D.
It has a scent of
It has a scent of freshly mowed grass.
Which statement regarding the heat generated from a nuclear detonation is MOST? accurate?
A.
Even white clothing or paper can reflect a great deal of the? heat, reducing thermal injury.
B.
Despite its low? intensity, there is no adequate way to shield you
Even white clothing or paper can reflect a great deal of the? heat, reducing thermal injury.
Which poison is a? pneumonia-like agent?
A.
Botulinum
B.
Anthrax
C.
Cholera
D.
Ricin
Anthrax notifiable bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, typically affecting the skin and lungs. It can be transmitted to humans, causing severe skin ulceration or a form of pneumonia (also called wool-sorter's disease).
Which consideration is LEAST important in developing a plan for EMS response to a weapons of mass destruction? incident?
A.
Establishing written protocols for patient treatment.
B.
A process for establishing the credentials of EMS providers from other jur
Identifying the exact point of ingress and egress from the scene.
Beta
Alpha
Gamma
Neutron Radiation
Beta particles are produced from fallout decay that can travel several feet in the? air, but is stopped by clothing or skin.? However, it can contaminate food and cause internal contamination if ingested
Alpha radiation is a? heavy, slow-moving particle t
What describes the MOST reasonable approach to supplies and equipment needed for a response to a weapons of mass destruction? incident?
A.
A plan for coordinating the distribution of needed resources that exist in the community.
.B.
Each EMT should have h
A plan for coordinating the distribution of needed resources that exist in the community.
What is associated with exposure to fallout? radiation?
Damage to DNA in cells
What should be available to EMS personnel responding to an attack with a nerve? agent?
Atropine blocks the effects of the excess acetylcholine at the nerve endings in nerve agent exposure. Two drugs are used to counteract the effects of the nerve? agent: atropine and pralidoxime? (Protopam).
For the? EMT, what is the best means of protection against acquiring a disease such as smallpox prior to any sort of? exposure?
A.
Immunizations
B.
Antibiotics
C.
Face shields
D.
Iodine tablets
Immunizations
You are teaching an EMT class about the role of an EMS response to a terror attack involving weapons of mass destruction? (WMD). A student asks you what constitutes a WMD. You would inform him that a WMD is? any:
A.
agent used to cause indiscriminate deat
agent used to cause indiscriminate death and destruction.
At a community meeting about the preparation for a biological terror? attack, another member asks you how anthrax acquired naturally differs from anthrax caused by terrorism. Which of the following is your best? response?
A.
?"Anthrax caused by terrorism
Anthrax is the same regardless of whether it is intentionally inflicted or acquired? naturally.
Your service has acquired the antidote for a nerve agent attack. As? such, you realize that it will be given by what? route?
A.
Oral
B.
Injection
C.
Topical
D.
Inhalation
Injection
Why would iodine tablets be a benefit to administer to the general public following a nuclear bomb? detonation?
A.
Iodine helps eliminate radiation from the body.
B.
Iodine protects against all types of cancer.
C.
Iodine boosts the immune system.
D.
Iodin
Iodine decreases the risk for thyroid cancer.
The? "C" in CBRNE and? B-NICE stands? for:
A.
circulation.
B.
chemical.
C.
continuous.
D.
cardiac.
chemical
In a terrorist attack involving the use of biological? toxins, which of the following is? true?
A.
Biological toxins will typically kill a person within minutes of exposure.
B.
The toxins are living organisms and can easily multiply in the human body.
C.
Biological toxins cannot be passed from one person to another.
Which one of the following chemical agents will kill a person most? quickly?
Aerosolized agent inhaled into the lungs
A patient has an injury to his arm caused by an unknown vesicant. After assessing the? airway, breathing, and? circulation, you? should:
vesicant causes blistering
flush the injured area with water.
You are participating in a training exercise for an attack by a weapon of mass destruction involving the release of a nerve agent. In the triage? area, you are presented with a patient who responds to painful stimuli and has an open airway. He is breathin
PPV
An alert and oriented patient has been exposed to the biological toxin ricin. He presents with a? fever, cough, and generalized weakness. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. His skin is warm and? dry, and his radial pulse is weak. Which of
Administer oxygen to the patient.
A patient who has been exposed to an? encephalitis-like agent most likely will complain? of:
fever and confusion.
A patient has inhaled cyanide gas. He is alert and complaining of shortness of breath. His airway is? patent, his breathing is? adequate, and his radial pulse is strong. His skin is warm and? dry, and his breath sounds are clear. Given these assessment? f
Administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask.
Beta radiation represents the greatest threat to a? person's well-being when? the:
A.
source is heated to greater than 100degrees�F.
B.
person is within 30 feet of the source.
C.
radiation occurs in liquid form.
D.
person ingests it by eating contaminated
person ingests it by eating contaminated food.
Which of the following types of hazards affects the? DNA, especially bone? marrow?
A.
Radiation.
B.
Chemical.
C.
Biological.
D.
Thermal.
Radiation.
Radioactive dust and particles are examples? of:
A.
thermal hazards.
B.
fallout.
C.
chemical hazards.
D.
primary exposure.
fallout
A chemical agent used by terrorists is described as having a high volatility. You should recognize this as meaning that the chemical? is:
A.
easily evaporated.
B.
highly radioactive.
C.
very explosive.
D.
in liquid form.
easily evaporated.
The goal of an attack using a? "dirty bomb" most likely? is:
contamination of an area with radioactivity.
For the patient exposed to a nerve? agent, which of the following signs would the EMT? expect?
A.
Decreased body temperature
B.
Increased salivation
C.
Elevated blood pressure
D.
Dilated pupils
Increased salivation
Which of the following statements concerning biological agents used in terrorist attacks is? true?
A.
Biological agents used by terrorists are more potent than those that occur naturally.
B.
Rain is the ideal condition to disperse a biological agent since
It may take several days to weeks to determine an attack that involves biological agents.
Multiple EMS agencies are involved in a WMD incident involving hundreds of patients. Which item regarding the different protocols and medical direction used by those different agencies is? best?
A.
EMTs should automatically be able to administer any medic
Most protocols involving? on-line medical direction should convert to standing orders.
Nerve agents typically cause death by what type of organ or system? failure?
Respiratory
Which item best describes use of a weapon of mass? destruction?
Death of 49 people in a crowded mall following intentional dispersal of an unknown bacteria
A localized terrorist attack involves pepper spray being released at a high school dance. As you? respond, the incident commander reports approximately 50 people have been exposed and is calling for activation of the county disaster plan. Given the nature
Irrigating eyes with saline
Which type of radiation will travel the farthest and penetrate the human body with the greatest? ease?
gamma
A triage officer at the scene of a suicide bombing assigns you to a patient who has been injured from the secondary effects of the blast. Which of the following injuries would you? expect?
A.
Lung injury caused by the? blast's pressure wave
B.
Facial lace
Facial laceration caused by flying glass and debris
In a nuclear? explosion, the EMT should expect the majority of patients to be complaining? of:
A.
nausea.
B.
burns.
C.
headache.
D.
dyspnea.
burns