At the end of the French and Indian War, the North American continent was divided between _____ and ______
English, Spain
Spain hoped to maintain Louisiana at as small a _____ to itself as possible. This strategy helps to explain why Governor _____ was assigned so few ______ to accompany him to Louisiana.
Ulloa, Spain, France
Many of the men who served on the French Superior Council were not interested in coopering with _____ and ______. In fact, they hoped to convince _____ to retake control of the colony.
Ulloa, Spain, France
Even without a return of French control, the _____ were committed to protecting their long-established patterns of ______
Creoles, trade
When Ulloa proclaimed new _______ ______, their worst fears came true.
trade regulations
These fears, and the desire to protect their own economic well-being, provided the impetus (incentive, driving force) for the ____ ____ that broke out in 1768.
open revolt
The _______ held a meeting and wrote a ______ asking Ulloa to leave the colony at once
rioters, petition
With so few, _____ at his disposal, Ulloa had little choice but to ______
troops, comply
When the Spanish sent their next _____ to Louisiana, they corrected many of the _____ of Ulloa's entrance
expedition, mistakes
Most importantly, they sent a decisive leader and skilled military man, General _______ ________, to head the second Spanish arrival.
Alejandro O'Reilly
O'Reilly showed none of the _____ to take charge the Ulloa had, and he also immediately set out to discover who had been ______ for the revolt
hesitation, responsible
He focused on ______ more regular trade practices at New Orleans with an emphasis on _______ trade with Spanish ports, while discouraging illegal trade with the ______
developing, encourging, Spanish
O'Reilly reorganized the local _____ (a military force composed mainly of citizen-soldiers), and improved the condition of forts throughout the colony.
militia
He also reached out to _____ ______ in the region
Native Americans
O'Reilly completely reorganized ______ _______
colonial government
He _______ the French Superior Council, whose members had led the revolt, and replaced it with a Spanish governing body called the ______
abolished, Cabildo
The Cabildo's members were responsible for ____ the colony's laws, ______ the governor, and acting as a court
enforcing, advising
The Cabildo _____ a new code of laws based on the Spanish Laws of the Indies. In Louisiana, these new laws came to be known as the _______ _______
adopted, Code O'Reilly
_________ __ _________, who had accompanied O'Reilly to New Orleans, became the colony's second Spanish governor in early 1770
Louis de Unzaga
Unzaga was more pragmatic (practical) about the ____ _______ in New Orleans than O'Reilly had been
economic situation
__________ __ ________ was a young and vigorous man in his early thirties when he became of Louisiana in 1777.
Brenardo de Calvez
Governor Unzaga had exercised a practical and __________ (noninterference by the government in economic matters) approach to illegal trade with the British
laissez-faire
But Galvez worked hard and consistently to eject _____ traders from the river and from their central role in the ____ economy
British, local
Galvez convinced the usually stingy Spanish to raise the annual they awarded the colony for _____ and _____
governance, maintenance
Besides leading to the loss of the _____ ____ for France, the _____ ____ ______ _______ took a huge economic toll on all of the nations involved
Louisiana Colony, French and Indian War
They were also upset in general by the idea that there was "_______ _______ _______" in the British parliament (governing body).
taxation without representation
Seeing no alternative to warfare, the colonists ______ _______ from ______ ______ on July 4, 1776.
declaired independance, Great Britian
Even before the war was over, the rebellious colonies had agreed on a form of government called the _____ ___ ______
Articles of Confederation
After the months of work and debate, members of the convention developed a new form of _____ described in the document called _____ ______ _______
government, United States Constitution
The ______ were slow to enter the fighting in the _____ _____, but _____ did take certain steps to provide advantages to the rebel colonists
Spanish, American Revolution, Galvez
First, he made it possible for representatives of the ____ ____ to buy supplies at the Spanish port of ______ ________
Continental Army, New Orleans
He first led attacks on the British outpost and fort at ____ and then _____ _______
Manchac, Baton Rouge
______ _______ had gained considerable experience governing Louisiana while ____ was away fighting the British
Esteban Miro, Galvez
By this time ______ ______ had become a thriving but ______ city of more than 5,000 people
New Orleans, disorderly
In 1786 he announced a series of orders that were called _____ _______ __ _____ ______
Miro's Bando de Buen Gobierno
Under the French _______ _____, masters were given virtually complete legal authority over their slaves
Code Noir
Spanish slave law respected the rights of _______ _______, but also gave _____ the right to complain to the ______ about poor treatment.
slave owners, slaves, Cabildo
One result is that, during the Spanish period, the population of _____ ____, called gens de couleur libres (free people of color), became so ______ that they started to constitute a ______ _____ and develop their own culture
freed slaves, numerous, distinct community
Despite his early unpopularity, Miro became a widely admired leader in _____ _____ after a devastating city-wide _____ in 1788
New Orleans, fire
The governor immediately set out to _____ the citizens who had lost everything they owned
aid
Outside New Orleans, Miro also sought to _____ the population in the colony's _____
increase, outposts
To entice them to settle in Louisiana's _____ and ______ frontiers, the Spanish governor offered ________ __ ________
northern, western, grants of land
In New Orleans, _______ is credited with creating a system of ____-_____ ______that provided the city with light and increased safety after dark
Carondelet, oil-lit lamps
The ______ ________ also led to unrest in Louisiana
French Reveloution
In 1795, rumors of a slave conspiracy in _______ _______ ______ reached New Orleans
Pointe Corpee Parish