producing just enough to meet the needs of their family
substance farming
crops that are easily sold in markets in the colonies and overseas
cash crops
variety, such as of ethnic or national groups
diversity
rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved people
slave codes
pattern of trade that developed in colonial times among the Americas, Africa, and Europe
triangle trade
give 2 reasons southern planters began to use enslaved africans to work in the fields
1. because indentured slaves were too expensive
2. planters needed large forces to work on plantations
give 4 reason why the middle passage was such a terrible ordeal for the enslaved africans
1. where chained together for months
2. could hardly sit or stand
3. received little to no food or water
4. many didn't survive
give 5 reason how salve codes governed the behavior of enslaved people
1. didn't allow to move about
2. didn't allow to leave plantation
3. weren't allowed to learn how to read or write
4. whipped for minor offenses
5. hanged or burned for major crimes
what is the main cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia
rice
A region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast
tidewater
who controlled the economic and political life in southern colonies
plantation owners
who kept the slaves working
owners of large plantations
a system by which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government
representative government
to sell good to other countries
export
to buy goods from other countries
imports
an economic theory whose goal is building a state's weath and power by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals in return
mercantilism
charter colonies
these colonies were based on a grant of rights by the english monarch to a company
proprietary colonies
these colonies were the property of an owner or group of owners
royal colonies
these colonies were under direct english control
who could vote in the colonies
white male property owners
the permanent movement of people into one country from other nations
immigration
an illness that affects large numbers of people
epidemic
a young person who learns a trade form skilled craftsperson
apprentice
the democratic ideas, practices, and values that are at the heart of citizenship in a free society
civic virtue
name 3 groups that helped create the population growth in the colonies
1. immigration/immigrants
2. enslaved people
3. large colonial families
what was valued by many purple in the colonies
education
colonists in New England and Pennsylvania wanted people to be able to study what
the Bible
The what was a movement in Europe that placed a great value on knowledge, reason, and science
The Enlightenment
the earliest colleges in the colonies were founded to train who
ministers
name 3 things about the great awakening
1. was a religious movement of the 1730s and 1740s
2. it forced colonist to become more religiously tolerant
3. helped spread democratic ideas in the colonies
name 2 things about Enlightenment
1. was the movement of people who believed in reasons and scientific methods
2. the best example of Enlightenment in the colonies was Benjamin Franklin
a military force made up of ordinary citizens
militia
partnership
alliance
a group of Native American nations in eastern North America joined together under one general government
iroquois confederacy
the movement of the british settlers onto native american lands sparked what
Pontiac's War
The what prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains into native american territory in the ohio river valley
The Proclamation of 1763
what important step did Prime Minister William Pitt take to win the war in north america
Pitt sent the best troops and military leaders to america
where was Washington's first command
The Ohio River Valley- Fort Necessity
The French settled whete because it linked their settlements in canada with their settlements along the mississippi river
The Ohio River Valley
who lost most of its territory in america and became powerless
France
give 3 things about Albany Plan of Union
1. it was proposed by Ben Franklin
2. 1st attempt to unite the 13 colonies in a common goal (to fight the French)
3. each colonial assembly refused to give up any power to a central government so it did not pass
Treaty of Paris
ended the french and indian war
in the treaty of paris britain did what
gained canada and all french land east of Mississippi river except new orleans
in the treaty of paris france did what
kept 2 island in the gulf of st. lawrence and it's islands in the west indies
in the treaty of paris spain did what
1. they had entered the war in the french side
2. gage up florida to britain and got all fence land west of the mississippi river and new orleans
3. kept south america and central america (including texas)