Difference between Puritans and Pilgrims
puritans- reformed church, pilgrims- puritans that thought
Mayflower Compact
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
What did the Puritans believe?
- there was no head of the church.
- committees were elected.
- everyone could preach.
- bible is in English.
- communion is in English.
- no music.
- plain chapel.
- other believers are punished.
**
God willed it
**
William Bradford
A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. Leader who made pact with Natives.
Who were native allies with plymouth at first? Who was native chief at time?
Pokanokets; Massasoit
Native who was translator between Natives and Pilgrims?
Squanto
Treaty between Massasoit and Bradford
Amity Treaty
Pilgrim's Legacy
Community is special and God called them to the freedom and equality deserved for them
Masassoit's son
Philip
Jeremiad's
Message to repent. Ask for repentance and forgive
Indian's sold land. Why?
Took money and bought arms to create military alliance with other natives
John Sassamon
Came to warn pilgrims of Philip wanting to attack. Found dead in frozen pond. Colonists blamed Wampanoags
Tribe that joins Philip
Nipmucks and Naragansetts
Captain Pierce
First to ally with natives in battle, others learned that natives can be loyal
Canonchet
Leader of Narragansetts. Took bullet to chest. Caught through native allies
New York and Mohawks
Natives and New Yorkers work with natives all the time and are allies
reversal of policy
Natives join puritans
Benjamin Church
Worked with Natives to find Philip
Key to victory and results of Philip's war
Key- use of indian allies. Results- Secured new england, 8% males died, damaged new england economy, 50 years to reclaim frontier
Northern colonies
Lost faith
Middle and southern colonies
Recreated life of english squire
Not one people
Colonies didn't see themselves united
City of a Hill
Biblical ideal, invoked by John Winthrop, of a society governed by civil liberty (where people did only that which was just and good) that would be an example to the world.
Enlightenment
intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems (Europe). Can think with reasoning instead of God
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
Montesquieu
(1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government
American Enlightment
Enlightenment of Europe plus protestant beliefs
Great Awakening
Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
Johnathan Edwards
An American theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival (Great Awakening); known for sinners in the hands of an angry god sermon.
The Enlightenment Experiement
Free-est most equal people in the world.
Genius of America
Combine protestant and enlightenment ideas
Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Parris
Became ill, had shaking fits. Witch craft suspected, and Tituba used white magic to discover who it is. Tituba is accused
Ann Putnam and Elizabeth Hubbard
Became ill and Tituba accused
After Tituba confessed...
Fits start happening around town
Rebecca Nurse
Wife of Francis Nurse. She is one of the most respected individuals in Salem because of her kindness and charity. She argues against the witch trial investigations. Mrs. Putnam accuses her of witchcraft.
Spectral Evidence
Girls saw Rebecca's spirit torment them.
witch-hunting metaphor
Evidence that isn't there
Importance of Salem
Cowardice of ministers, and magic is used now more than it was before
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
Importance of the Ohio River Valley
Leads to French and Indian War after Virginia sends a surveyor to the land to map it out for the colonists. The French have forts, they believe that Britain is planning on attacking, so they attack surveyors - causing the war.
Fort Necessity
A hastily built British fort where Washington attempted to defeat the French. However, the French took the fort and forced Washington to surrender.
Fort Duquesne
French fort that was site of first major battle of French and Indian War; General Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops and was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking beginning of conflict.
Edward Braddock
A British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded.
William Pitt
The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. Blockade for french.
Result of French and Indian War
British war debt should be paid by colonists. French leave, british own canada.
Navigation Acts
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
Bacon's Rebellion
1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
George Whitefield
Leader of the "New Lights.
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army