Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
division of labor
the assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.
Artisan Republicanism
An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers, men and women who owned their own shops (or farms). It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by, and dedicated to the welfare of, independent workers and citizens.
Unions
An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.
Commonwealth v. Hunt
(1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers.
Labor Theory of Value
The belief that all value in produced goods is derived from labor
What began the market rwvolution
When states began building massive canals and roads long states along Atlantic states with new states in trans
Market Revolution
economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves
Erie Canal
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship fin
Why was the Erie Canal significant?
connected western farmers to cities
Who supported the Erie Canal and why
Merchant supported it in order to gain access to Westin markets New York's governor supported in order to get tax revenue from it and the gentle to reign of Albany also helped
What was the first great engineering project in American history
Erie canal
The benefits of the Erie Canal
lower shipping costs, reduced travel time, NYC became a city of commerce, and towns grew along the canal
What are the crucial for flexibility to the Mississippi bass in forever base transportation system
The steamboat
Benefits of railroads
quickly travel overland, beating water routes, any direction, don't freeze
How did the south respond to the market revolution and industrial revolution
Did not invest profits in manufacturing and instead remained tied to agriculture
Two main groups of immigrants
Germans and irish
What was the first transatlantic shipping service
The Black Ball Line
Business Elite
The Business Elite was a new social class of businessmen who benefited greatly from the Industrial and Transportation revolutions. These men, generally living is growing cities, were made up of merchants, manufactures, bankers, and landlords who became ve
Describe the middle class
Made up of farmers mechanics manufacturers traders
Benevolent Empire
A broad-ranging campaign of moral and institutional reforms inspired by evangelical Christian ideals and endorsed by upper-middle-class men and women in the 1820s and 1830s.
Sabbatarian values
A movement to preserve the Sabbath as a holy day. These reformers believed that declining observance by Christians of the Sabbath (Sunday) was the greatest threat to religion in the United States.
What business is it the division of labor impact the most
The shoe business
How did the division of labor impact manufacturing
You help increase output and cut the price of exports and turned employees into powerful bosses while eroding workers wages and independence
If they could not use the division of labor system what did they use
Modern factories
Cincinnati system
1830s, Cincinnati merchants built slaughter houses that processed thousands of hogs per month. so efficient and quick the city became known as "Porkopolis
mineral-based economy
An economy based on coal and metal that began to emerge in the 1830s, as manufacturers increasingly ran machinery fashioned from metal with coal-burning stationary steam engines rather than with water power.
What did We're in do in order to prohibit competition from the Americas about textile industry
They prohibited the exploitation of textile machinery in the immigration of mechanics
How did British machine to get to the United States
British mechanics were LURD to the Americas because of the high wages so they disguise themselves and sell to the US worry just sold British ideas to Americans
Who were Samuel Slater
Created of cotton gin
What were the two strategies Americans use in order to compete with the British rivals
Improved on British technology and tap cheaper source of labor
Who created and where was and what was it called the first factory to perform all cloth making operations under one roof in the Americas
The boss in manufacturing company by Tracy Jackson in Waltham Massachusetts
What did the Boston manufacturing company do in order to get cheap labor
TheyRecruited thousands of young women from farm families and provided them with housing and education and therefore they could pay them off lower wages
Waltham-Lowell System
A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell, Chicopee, and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required
Sellers Family
Founded Franklin Institution in Philadelphia. Named after Benjamin Franklin, whom the mechanics admired for his work ethic and scientific accomplishments, the institute published a journal; provided high-school level instruction in chemistry, mathematics,
Machine Tools
machines that made parts for other machines
Navist movement
Opposed immigration since the 1830s
Notables
Northern landlords, slave-owning planters, and seaport merchants who dominated the political system of the early nineteenth century.