sexual dimorphism
Marked differences in male and female biology, beyond breasts and genitals
gender
The cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else
gender roles
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex
gender stereotypes
Oversimplified, strongly held views about the characteristics of males and females
gender stratification
The unequal distribution of social resources between men and women
domestic-public dichotomy
Work at home versus more valued work outside the home
matrilineal descent
Descent traced through women only
patrilineal-patrilocal complex
Male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare
patrilineal descent
Descent traced through men only
patriarchy
Political system ruled by men
intersex
Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals
transgender
A gender identity that is socially constructed and performed by individuals whose gender identity contradicts their biological sex at birth and the gender identity assigned to them in infancy
gender identity
A person's identification by self and others as male, female, or something else
sexual orientation
Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes
family of orientation
The nuclear family in which one is born and grows up
family of procreation
The nuclear family established when one marries and has chidlren
descent group
A group based on belief in shared ancestry
neolocality
The living situation in which a couple establishes a new residence
expanded family household
A household that includes a group of relatives other than, or in addition to, a married couple and their children
extended family household
A household with three or more generations
unilineal descent
Matrilineal or patrilineal descent
lineage
A unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent
clan
A unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent
ambilineal descent
A flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal
ego
The position from which one views an egocentric genealogy
kinship calculation
How people in a particular society reckon kin relations
kin terms
The words used for different relatives in a particular language and system of kinship calculation
bilateral kinship calculation
Kin ties calculated equally through both sexes
lineal kinship terminology
Four parental kin terms: M, F, FB=MB, and MZ=FZ
lineal relatives
Ego's direct ancestors and descendants
collateral relative
Relative outside ego's direct line, e.g., B, Z, FB, MZ.
affinals
Relatives by marriage
bifurcate merging kinship terminology
Four parental kin terms: M=MZ, F=FB, MB, and FZ each stand alone
generational kinship terminology
Just two parental kin terms: M=MZ=FZ and F=FB=MB
bifurcate collateral kinship terminology
Six separate parental kin terms: M, F, MB, MZ, FB, and FZ
exogamy
Marriage outside one's own group
incest
Sexual relations with a close relative
genitor
A child's biological father
pater
One's socially recognized father; not necessarily the genitor
parallel cousins
Children of two brothers or two sisters
cross cousins
Children of a brother and a sister
endogamy
Marriage of people from the same social group
lobola
A substantial marital gift from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin
dowry
Substantial gifts to the husband's family from the wife's group
plural marriage
More than two spouses simultaneously; polygamy
polygyny
Man has more than one wife at the same time
polylandry
Woman has more than one husband at the same time
sororate
Widower marries sister of his deceased wife
levirate
Widow marries brother of her deceased husband