ANT 252 Exam 3

sexual dimorphism

Marked differences in male and female biology, beyond breasts and genitals

gender

The cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else

gender roles

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex

gender stereotypes

Oversimplified, strongly held views about the characteristics of males and females

gender stratification

The unequal distribution of social resources between men and women

domestic-public dichotomy

Work at home versus more valued work outside the home

matrilineal descent

Descent traced through women only

patrilineal-patrilocal complex

Male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare

patrilineal descent

Descent traced through men only

patriarchy

Political system ruled by men

intersex

Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals

transgender

A gender identity that is socially constructed and performed by individuals whose gender identity contradicts their biological sex at birth and the gender identity assigned to them in infancy

gender identity

A person's identification by self and others as male, female, or something else

sexual orientation

Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes

family of orientation

The nuclear family in which one is born and grows up

family of procreation

The nuclear family established when one marries and has chidlren

descent group

A group based on belief in shared ancestry

neolocality

The living situation in which a couple establishes a new residence

expanded family household

A household that includes a group of relatives other than, or in addition to, a married couple and their children

extended family household

A household with three or more generations

unilineal descent

Matrilineal or patrilineal descent

lineage

A unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent

clan

A unilineal descent group based on stipulated descent

ambilineal descent

A flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal

ego

The position from which one views an egocentric genealogy

kinship calculation

How people in a particular society reckon kin relations

kin terms

The words used for different relatives in a particular language and system of kinship calculation

bilateral kinship calculation

Kin ties calculated equally through both sexes

lineal kinship terminology

Four parental kin terms: M, F, FB=MB, and MZ=FZ

lineal relatives

Ego's direct ancestors and descendants

collateral relative

Relative outside ego's direct line, e.g., B, Z, FB, MZ.

affinals

Relatives by marriage

bifurcate merging kinship terminology

Four parental kin terms: M=MZ, F=FB, MB, and FZ each stand alone

generational kinship terminology

Just two parental kin terms: M=MZ=FZ and F=FB=MB

bifurcate collateral kinship terminology

Six separate parental kin terms: M, F, MB, MZ, FB, and FZ

exogamy

Marriage outside one's own group

incest

Sexual relations with a close relative

genitor

A child's biological father

pater

One's socially recognized father; not necessarily the genitor

parallel cousins

Children of two brothers or two sisters

cross cousins

Children of a brother and a sister

endogamy

Marriage of people from the same social group

lobola

A substantial marital gift from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin

dowry

Substantial gifts to the husband's family from the wife's group

plural marriage

More than two spouses simultaneously; polygamy

polygyny

Man has more than one wife at the same time

polylandry

Woman has more than one husband at the same time

sororate

Widower marries sister of his deceased wife

levirate

Widow marries brother of her deceased husband