How does language help create our sense of reality?
gives meaning to events
What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning? How might you use each to convey your message most effectively?
Denotative: literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase
Connotative: the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase
What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?
1) use language accurately
2) clearly
3) vividly
4) appropriately
What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?
1) use familiar words
2) choose concrete words
3) eliminate verbal clutter
What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?
1) imagery
2) rhythm
What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in your speeches?
appropriate to the occasion
appropriate to the audience
appropriate to the topic
appropriate to the speaker
Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What four languages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?
USA is a very diverse place, so our speech should be respectful to the different groups.
1) Avoid the generic "He"
2) Avoid the use of "man" when referring to both men and women
3) Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender
4) Use names that group
What is nonverbal communication? Why is it important to effective public speaking?
Nonverbal communication: communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words
What are the elements of good speech delivery?
1) speaking intelligibly
2) avoiding distracting mannerisms
3) establishing eye contact with your listeners
What are four methods of speech delivery?
1) reading verbatim from a manuscript
2) reciting a memorized text
3) speaking impromptu
4) speaking extemporaneously
What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?
1) volume
2) pitch
3) rate
4) pauses
5) vocal variation
6) pronunciation
7) articulation
8) dialect
What are four aspects of bodily action you should concentrate on in your speeches?
1) personal appearance
2) movement
3) gestures
4) eye contact
What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?
1) go through preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written translates into spoken discourse
2) prepare your speaking outline
3) practice the speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline
4) now begin to polish and refine your
What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and- answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?
preparing
1) formulate answers to possible questions
2) practice the delivery of your answers
during
1) approach question with a positive attitude
2) listen carefully
3) direct answers to the entire audience
4) be honest and straightforward
5) stay on tra