antecedent
the noun that a pronoun refers to
body
the section of a text in which the author provides ideas, details, and evidence to develop the central idea or plot
comma (,)
the mark of punctuation that represents a pause and is used to set off descriptive phrases and parenthetical elements in sentences
complete sentence
a sentence with at least one subject and one bern that expresses a complete thought
complex sentence
a sentence made up of one simple sentence and a dependent clause
compound sentence
a sentence made up of two or more simple sentences
conclusion
the end of piece of writing that summarizes the main ideas and leaves the reader with a final thought
coordinating conjunction
a word that joins two independent clauses in a sentence (e.g. for, and, but, or, so)
credible
trustworthy and believable, used to describe sources being researched
dash
the wide mark of punctuation, different from a hyphen (-) and an en dash (-), that shows a break in a sentence or a change of speech or thought; also called em dash
dependent clause
a group of words that cannot stand on its own as a sentence even if it has a subject and a verb
description
a statement that represents something in words
dialogue
the conversation between characters in a text, used to advance the plot and to influence events or motivations
editing
the fourth step of the writing process, in which the writer looks for and corrects errors in spelling, grammar, usage, and mechanics
exposition
the text of a drama or story that introduces the characters, setting, plot and conflict
fact
a statement that can be proved
first-person point of vieq
the perspective of the narrator of a story who uses first-person pronouns and is a character from the story
formal style
in informative or explanatory text, an approach to writing that uses proper language and avoids informal language
grammar
the system of language used in writing and speaking
independent clause
a group of words with a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought
informal style
a type of writing that uses casual, everyday language
informative or explanatory response
a type of writing in which the author answers a given question or prompt by explaining how to do something or presenting information on real-life people, places, objects, or events
intensive pronoun
a word ending in -self or -selves that emphasizes the noun or nouns it goes with
introduction
the beginning of piece of writing the presents the topic and central idea
narrative
the type of writing that describes an event or series or events
objective pronoun
a pronoun that acts as an object in a sentence
pacing
the rate, or pace, in which a story is told
paraphrase
to retell ideas from a text in one's own words
parenthetical element
an unnecessary phrase that interrupts a sentence and is placed within commas, parentheses, or em dashes
plagiarism
the act of copying text word for word but without giving the author credit
plot
the series of events in a drama in which the main character or characters try to solve a problem or attain a goal
point of view
how an author feels about a particular topic or idea
possessive pronoun
a pronoun that shows who owns something
prewriting
the first step of the writing process, in which writers identify the purpose, or reason, for writing, as well as the audience of the text
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun
pronoun-antecedent agreement
the correct matching of a pronoun with its previously mentioned number, person, and gender
pronoun case
the form that a pronoun takes- subjective (such as we), objective (such as us), or possessive (such as our)
publishing
the fifth step of the writing process, in which the writer produces a clean copy of the work
reason
an opinion-based statement that tells readers why they should believe a claim
relevant
clearly related, as to a claim or reason
resolution
the end of a drama or narrative, in which a conflict is resolved
revising
the third step of the writing process, in which the writer improves the writing, adds or changes useful or necessary facts and transitions, deletes unrelated or repeated information, and asks for feedback
run-on sentence
a sentence with two or more independent clauses that is missing a coordinating conjunction and/or punctuation
semicolon (;)
punctuation used to separate related sentences or items in a series
sensory language
words that tell how things look, feel, taste, smell, and sound
sentence fragment
an incomplete sentence
setting
the time and location where the action takes place in literature
simple sentence
a sentence that expresses one complete thought
style
the words and sentences used in a text and how they are put together
subheading
a text feature that tells readers what a smaller section of text under a heading is about
subjective pronoun
a pronoun used as the subject in a sentence
subordination conjunction
a word that introduces a dependent clause (e.g. when, before, because, since)
Text Dependent Analysis
a written response that analyzes the ideas, structures, purposes, or messages of one or more texts; must be based on supporting evidence
thesis statement
a statement that expresses the central idea of a piece of writing
third-person limited point of view
the perspective of the narrator of a story who knows only one character's thoughts and feelings, is outside the story, and uses third-person pronouns
third-person omniscient point of view
the perspective of the narrator of a story who knows everything about all the characters and events, is outside the story, and uses third-person pronouns
tone
the author's attitude toward a topic
transition
a word or phrase that connects ideas, conveys sequence clearly, shows time passing, or shifts a setting
verb
a word that ells an action or a state of being
verb tense
the time in which a verb action is performed, such as past, present, or future
writing process
the steps that a writer takes to write text; includes prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing