The Three States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solid particles
particles that do not move very much
Liquid particles
particles slide by one another and are always moving
Gas particles
Particles are free to move and always moving
Temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object
How do cold particles move?
Slowly
How do hot particles move?
Quickly
Degrees
the units in which temperature is measured
Celsius
water freezes at 0 degrees C
water boils at 100 degrees C
Fahrenheit
water freezes at 32 degrees F
water boils at 212 degrees F
Thermometer
measures temperature (the average kinetic energy of all particles in an object
Heat
a flow of energy from an object in a higher temperature to an object in a lower temperature
Ex. adding heat to a pot to make water boil
How does heat move?
From hot to cold
Thermal energy
The total random kinetic energy of particles in an object
conductor
materials that transfer energy easily
Conduction
the process that moves energy from one object to another when they are touching physically
What is an example of a conductor?
Metal spoon, metals like tin or gold, copper (the best)
Insulator
a material that does not transfer energy easily
What is an example of an insulator?
paper, wooden spoon, foam, plastic
Convection
the process that transfers energy by the movement of large numbers in the same direction with a liquid or gas
Radiation
energy that travels in electromagnetic waves