Chapter 2- solids, liquids, and gases

Melting-

The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called melting.

Melting point-

In most pure substances, melting occurs at a specific temperature, called the melting point.

Freezing-

The change of state from liquid to solid is called freezing.

Vaporization-

The change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization.

Evaporation-

Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid is called evaporation.

Boiling-

Another kind of vaporization is called boiling. Boiling occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface.

Boiling point-

The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point.

Condensation-

The opposite of vaporization is called condensation.

Sublimation-

Sublimation occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. During sublimation, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.

Pressure-

the outward push of the gas divided by the area of the walls.

Boyle's Law-

states that if you increase the volume then the pressure decreases.

Charles's law-

States that if you increase the temperature then the pressure increases.

Graph -

A diagram that tells you how two variables, or factors that change, are related

Origin -

A line that passes through the point (0,0)

Directly Proportional -

When the graph of two variables is a straight line passing through the origin

Vary Inversely -

When a graph of two variables forms curve

Solid

Has a definite shape and a definite volume

Crystalline Solids

Solids that are made up of crystals

Amorphous Solids

The particles are not arranged in a regular pattern

Liquid

Has a definite volume but no shape of its own

Fluid

is a liquid; "a substance that flows

Surface Tension

Is the result of an inward pull among molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing

Gas

Has no definite volume or shape