gravity
the earths _____ is strong enough to hold the kind of atmostphere we have, which is essential to life
tilt
the earths ____ effects seasons and temperatures
axis
the earths ___ is not perpendicular but is inclined 23
water
has special properties that make it essestial for life
water
dissolves and transports nutrients, frozen water floats, animals can survive
magnetic field
the ___________ deflects dangerous energetic radiation particles from space
meteors and comets
our atmosphere serves as a physical shield from _____ and ______
atmosphere
this is transparent allowing sunlight to reach the surface which is essentail for plant photosynthesis
mass
the suns ____ determines the earths surface temperature
size temperature
the suns _____ and _____ determine the size of the habitability zone
liquid
water can exist as ______
gas
carbon dioxide remains as a ____
gas giants
that are farther out are vital for deflecting comets and other similar objects ( jupiter saturen etc )
galaxy center
would be a very dangerous place for earth but the galaxy spiral arms are not as dangerous
scripture
according to _________ we play an important central role
geology
the study of the earth
uniformitarianism
belief that all earth process have remained essentially the same ( james hutton)
charles lyell
father of geology
present
the ______ is the key to the past
deep time view
viewpoint that the earth is billions of years old
plate tectonic theory
continent size sections of the earths crust that are believed to move
young earth theory
each day of creation was 24 hours
observation
is a key aspect of operational geology
studying
study the interior by _____ how earthquake waves travel through it
crust
the outer layer, ranges from 3-6 mi. under the occeans to 13-56 under the mnts.
moho discontinuity
where earthquake wave speeds suddenly begins to slow
discontinuity
such a sudden change in a moho
mantle
makes up 84% of the earths volume
lithosphere
combination of the upper mantle and the crust that moves with the techtonic plates
asthenosphere
extends from the bottom of lithosphere about 125 miles
core
composed mostly of iron, contains about 15% of the earths volume, divided into 2 parts
outer core
1400 miles thick, believed to be liquid
inner core
1500 miles, believed to be solid
natural resources
any raw material we use from our envirement
biological
living resources (ex: forests and ocean life)
nonbiological
non living (ex: soil, water, air , and minerals)
renewable
have an unlimited supply and are easily replenished
nonrenewable
resources that get used up and cant be replenished
resource management
the effort to oversee and control the use of natural resources