solid
the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and definite volume
liquid
the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape
gas
state of matter in which a material has no definite shape and no definite volume
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
pressure
the result of a force distributed over an area
absolute zero
a temperature of 0 K (kelvins)
Charles's Law
states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant
Boyle's Law
states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant
phase change
the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
endothermic
a system of change in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings
heat of fusion
the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid
exothermic
a change in which a system releases energy to its surroundings
vaporization
phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas
heat of vaporization
the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas
evaporation
a process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below a substance's boiling point
vapor pressure
pressure caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor with the walls of a container
condensation
the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid
sublimation
a phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first
deposition
when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing t9 a liquid
solid
the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and definite volume
liquid
the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape
gas
state of matter in which a material has no definite shape and no definite volume
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
pressure
the result of a force distributed over an area
absolute zero
a temperature of 0 K (kelvins)
Charles's Law
states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant
Boyle's Law
states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant
phase change
the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
endothermic
a system of change in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings
heat of fusion
the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid
exothermic
a change in which a system releases energy to its surroundings
vaporization
phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas
heat of vaporization
the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas
evaporation
a process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below a substance's boiling point
vapor pressure
pressure caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor with the walls of a container
condensation
the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid
sublimation
a phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first
deposition
when a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing t9 a liquid