Politics
Who gets what, when and how.
Power
The ability to get other people to do what you want them to do.
Social order
We can live without crashing into each other at every turn, provide ourselves with goods and services we could not obtain alone, and maximize the values and behaviors we think are important.
Legitimate
Accepted as "right
Government
A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people.
Authority
Power that the citizens view as legitimate, or "right" -power to which we have implicitly consented.
Rules
The "how" , in the definition "who gets what, and how" Directives that determine how resources are allocated and how collective action takes place. Determine how we try to get the things we want.
Institutions
The organizations where governmental power is exercised.
Economics
The production and distribution of society's wealth.
(Pure)Capitalist economy
All the means that are used to produce material resources are privately owned, and decisions about production and distribution are left to individuals operating through the free-market process.
Regulated Capitalism
Maintains a capitalist economy, and individual freedom from government interference remains the norm, but it allows government to step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights
Procedural guarantees
The rules will work smoothly and fairly
Socialist Economy
Economic decisions are made not by individuals through the market but rather by politicians, based on their judgement of what society needs.
Substantive Guarantees
What they believe to be fair outcomes.
Social Democracy
Values of equality promoted by socialism are attractive and can be brought about by democratic reform rather than revolution.
Authoritarian governments
Give ultimate power to the state rather than to the people to decide how they ought to live their lives.
Totalitarian
When a system combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy.
Authoritarian Capitalism
People have considerable economic freedom, but stringent social regulations limit their non-economic behavior.
Anarchy
Most extreme form of nonauthoritarianism do away with government and laws altogether.
Democracy
Government is not external to the people. Try to maximize freedom for the individuals who live under them.
Popular Sovereignty
There is no power higher than the people. Central idea is that no government is considered legitimate unless the governed consent to it, and people are now truly free unless they live under a law of their own making.
Elite Democracy
System of choosing among competing leaders- for average citizen input ends after leader is chosen.
Pluralist Democracy
Group participation in government decision making on their members' behalf
Participatory democracy
More than consent or majority rule in making governmental decisions is needed. Individuals have the right to control all the circumstances of their lives, and direct democratic participation should take place not only in govt. but in industry, education,
Advanced industrial democracies
Combie a considerable amount of personal freedom with a free market
Communist Democracy
Communally owned property
Subjects
In authoritarian- people are subjects possess no rights
Citizens
people in democratic systems
Social Contract
Giving up some rights in exchange for the protection of the rest of their rights by a government established by the majority. Locke
Republic
American government is a representative democracy
immigrants
Citizens or subjects of another country who come to the U.S. to live and work
Naturalization
Process of applying for citizenship
Refugees
People seeking asylum or protection from persecution, subject to permission from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Political culture
Common values and beliefs or normative ideas about how life should be lived, that draw them together.
Individualism
the idea that individuals know what is best for themselves.
Ideologies
Divergent beliefs and opinions
Conservative
Tend to be in favor of traditional social values, distrust government action except in terms of national security and slow to advocate change and place a priority on the maintenance of social order.
Liberals
Value the possibilities of progress and change, trust government, look for innovations as answers to social problems and focus on the expansion of individual rights and expression.
Economic Liberals
Are willing to allow government to make substantive decisions about the economy, tend to embrace the top procedural individualistic position on the socail order dimension and fall into the UPPER LEFT
Economic Conservatives
Reluctance to allow government interference in people's private lives, but combine this with a conviction that the govt. should limit involvement in the economy. UPPER RIGHT
Libertarians
People who believe that only minimal government action in any sphere is acceptable.
Social Liberals
Happy to see some govt. action to realize a substantive vision of what society should be like.
Communitarians
Commitment to a community based on radical equality for all people.
Social Conservatives
Share economic conservatives' views on limited gov. involvement in the economy but with less force and perhaps for different reasons. MORAL