Government Chapter 19 Test Review

a Bill of Rights

Many States would only ratify the Constitution if what was added to it?

aliens

Foreign-born residents are called

protect the rights of citizens

The Framers held that the primary purpose of government is to

exercise unlimited power

Dictatorships differ from democracies in that dictators

travel freely

One right that is guaranteed to citizens but not to aliens is the right to

it has held that the 14th Amendment extended all of the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the States

What is the Supreme Court's position on the Bill of Rights?

9th Amendment

Individual rights not enumerated in the Constitution are protected by which Amendment?

Establishment Clause

This prohibits Congress from mandating a state religion

The Free Exercise Clause

This was the basis for the Court's decision that Amish parents may attend private religious classes

released time programs

What has the Court allowed schools to institute so that students may attend private religious classes?

public and parochial schools

Most of the Court's Establishment Clause decisions have involved

it has struck them down

What position has the Court taken on "moment of silence" laws mentioning voluntary prayer?

permissible (allowable)

The Court has held that prayer in State legislatures is

the Lemon test

The constitutionality of State aid to parochial schools is determined by

a shield law

This protects reporters from being forced to reveal their sources

picketing

This involves striking workers patrolling a business site in order to inform the public of a labor controversy

1. false advertisement
2. advertisement of services that are illegal
3. advertisement of products that are harmful to the public

What types of commercial speech may States prohibit?

1. Would the average person, judging by community standards, find the material obscene?
2. Does the material describe in an offensive conduct specifically prohibited by an obscenity law?
3. Does the material have serious artistic, literary, political, or

What are the rules by which the Supreme Court judges obscenity cases?

revealing their sources through an act of Congress

The Supreme Court has held that reporters may be protected from

radio and television

The branch of the media that has been subjected to the most extensive federal regulation is

it is unconstitutional except in cases where publication threatens national security or public order

What is the Court's attitude toward prior restraint?

public demonstrations

What is protected by the right of assembly?

The Supreme Court

Which court upheld a State law that prohibits parades near courthouses when they are intended to influence court proceedings?

rules

This may regulate the time and place of public assembly, but not the content of what is said there

1. are constitutional
2. must be content neutral
3. must be specific

The Supreme Court has ruled that government restrictions on public demonstrations or assemblies

1st Amendment

The right to freedom of petition is guaranteed by the

not be arrested for disorderly conduct simply because others have reacted to their march with violence

In the case of Gregory v. Chicago, the Court ruled that demonstrators may

Boy Scout's have a constitutional right to exclude gays because that is part of the organization's expressive conduct

In the 2000 case of Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, the Court ruled that the

streets
public parks
sidewalks

What are the public places in which people automatically have a constitutional right to hand out political literature and ask people to sign petitions?

civil rights

The prohibition of sex-based discrimination is an example of

The Due Process Clause

This allows States to guarantee citizens certain basic rights

process of incorporation

The Framers used this process to make the Bill of Rights apply to the States as well as the Federal government

creationism

The Court has ruled that States may prohibit the teaching of

nonreligious symbols are also used

The Court ruled that nativity scenes may be used in holiday displays as long as

libel

An article in a magazine falsely accusing a public official of a crime is

symbolic speech

Wearing arm bands and burning flags are examples of

seditious speech

Any comments encouraging the overthrow of the government are considered

different

The rules for public assembly on private property and public property are

Freedom of association

One of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights but goes along with freedom of assembly in the 1st Amendment

1. Polygamy may be punished even if it is part of religious practices.
2. Poisonous snakes may not be used in religious services.
3. Persons who have religious objections to military service may be drafted.
4. School cannot begin with prayer.

Which rulings belong together?