a Bill of Rights
Many States would only ratify the Constitution if what was added to it?
aliens
Foreign-born residents are called
protect the rights of citizens
The Framers held that the primary purpose of government is to
exercise unlimited power
Dictatorships differ from democracies in that dictators
travel freely
One right that is guaranteed to citizens but not to aliens is the right to
it has held that the 14th Amendment extended all of the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the States
What is the Supreme Court's position on the Bill of Rights?
9th Amendment
Individual rights not enumerated in the Constitution are protected by which Amendment?
Establishment Clause
This prohibits Congress from mandating a state religion
The Free Exercise Clause
This was the basis for the Court's decision that Amish parents may attend private religious classes
released time programs
What has the Court allowed schools to institute so that students may attend private religious classes?
public and parochial schools
Most of the Court's Establishment Clause decisions have involved
it has struck them down
What position has the Court taken on "moment of silence" laws mentioning voluntary prayer?
permissible (allowable)
The Court has held that prayer in State legislatures is
the Lemon test
The constitutionality of State aid to parochial schools is determined by
a shield law
This protects reporters from being forced to reveal their sources
picketing
This involves striking workers patrolling a business site in order to inform the public of a labor controversy
1. false advertisement
2. advertisement of services that are illegal
3. advertisement of products that are harmful to the public
What types of commercial speech may States prohibit?
1. Would the average person, judging by community standards, find the material obscene?
2. Does the material describe in an offensive conduct specifically prohibited by an obscenity law?
3. Does the material have serious artistic, literary, political, or
What are the rules by which the Supreme Court judges obscenity cases?
revealing their sources through an act of Congress
The Supreme Court has held that reporters may be protected from
radio and television
The branch of the media that has been subjected to the most extensive federal regulation is
it is unconstitutional except in cases where publication threatens national security or public order
What is the Court's attitude toward prior restraint?
public demonstrations
What is protected by the right of assembly?
The Supreme Court
Which court upheld a State law that prohibits parades near courthouses when they are intended to influence court proceedings?
rules
This may regulate the time and place of public assembly, but not the content of what is said there
1. are constitutional
2. must be content neutral
3. must be specific
The Supreme Court has ruled that government restrictions on public demonstrations or assemblies
1st Amendment
The right to freedom of petition is guaranteed by the
not be arrested for disorderly conduct simply because others have reacted to their march with violence
In the case of Gregory v. Chicago, the Court ruled that demonstrators may
Boy Scout's have a constitutional right to exclude gays because that is part of the organization's expressive conduct
In the 2000 case of Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, the Court ruled that the
streets
public parks
sidewalks
What are the public places in which people automatically have a constitutional right to hand out political literature and ask people to sign petitions?
civil rights
The prohibition of sex-based discrimination is an example of
The Due Process Clause
This allows States to guarantee citizens certain basic rights
process of incorporation
The Framers used this process to make the Bill of Rights apply to the States as well as the Federal government
creationism
The Court has ruled that States may prohibit the teaching of
nonreligious symbols are also used
The Court ruled that nativity scenes may be used in holiday displays as long as
libel
An article in a magazine falsely accusing a public official of a crime is
symbolic speech
Wearing arm bands and burning flags are examples of
seditious speech
Any comments encouraging the overthrow of the government are considered
different
The rules for public assembly on private property and public property are
Freedom of association
One of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights but goes along with freedom of assembly in the 1st Amendment
1. Polygamy may be punished even if it is part of religious practices.
2. Poisonous snakes may not be used in religious services.
3. Persons who have religious objections to military service may be drafted.
4. School cannot begin with prayer.
Which rulings belong together?