foreign affairs
choices about the relationship between U.S. and rest of world
national security
the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm
isolationism
U.S. stays out of other nation's affairs
internationalism
greater economic and political cooperation between nations that benefit all
foreign policy
a nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations
President's roles
Chief Diplomat, Commander-in-Chief
aided by cabinet & agencies
Congress' roles
Congress can declare war, but must wait for President to send troops
State Department
key advisor to President
goals: promote peace, create jobs, help nations stabilize, combat terrorism with diplomacy, disease
organization of State Department
functionally and geographically
Right of Legation
right to send and receive ambassadors
Ambassadors
official representative of a nation
Ambassador appointments
all about connections & accomplishment
roles of Ambassadors
help U.S. citizens, represent U.S.
Diplomatic Immunity of Ambassadors
diplomats are not subject to laws of a nation, persona non grata
passport
certificate issued by gov. to citizens to travel
visa
permit issued by country one wants to enter
jobs of Defense Department
key advisor on national defense, led by civilian
Joint Chiefs of Staff
President's key military advisors
commanding officers for ea of services
Military Departments
Army, Navy, Air Force
National Security Council
coordinates foreign and military policies, brings everyone together (VP, Sec. of State, Sec. of Defense, Joint Chief's chairperson, CIA, FBI, Homeland Security, EPA)
CIA
coordinates information and data gathering intelligence activities (spying)
Homeland Security
established after 9/11 to protect nation from terrorism, oversees 40 agencies incl. FBI, CIA, Customs, etc.
NSA
interprets foreign communications (super-spying)
Selective Service
an independent federal agency that deals with draft
Policy Overview - George Washington
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world
Policy Overview - Monroe Doctrine
U.S. will stay out of Europe, Europe will stay out of Western Hemisphere
* creates first sphere of influence
Policy Overview - Expansionism
England's done well with it, but against our American principles (Revolution)
however, in Spanish-American War we won protectorates = Guam, Puerto Rico
Policy Overview - World Power
U.S. is a world power, others look to it for direction & we recognize countries
Policy Overview - Good Neighbor Policy
from Monroe, wanted to improve relationship with Latin America
Policy Overview - Open Door to China
U.S. became E Asian power through the acquisition of the Philippine Islands after Vietnam War
Policy Overview - WWI
League of Nations, U.S. does not join ? fails
* goal: make world safe for democracy
Policy Overview - WWII
didn't become involved until 2 years in, then U.S. became "the arsenal of democracy"
* turning point where U.S. becomes international world power
Policy Overview - Collective Security
during Cold War, nations agreed to act together against any nation that threatened peace
Policy Overview - Deterrence
using threat of nuclear weapons during Cold War to deter USSR from attacking
Policy Overview - Cold War
indirect war between U.S. & USSR from 1945~1991
Policy Overview - Truman Doctrine
contain communism within its existing borders
(Containment Policy)
Policy Overview - Cuban Missile Crisis
closest (geo & literally) to nuclear conflict for U.S.
Policy Overview - Korean War
1st fight of several nations against aggression, ongoing
Policy Overview - Vietnam
2nd most divisive conflict in nation
Policy Overview - D�tente
relaxation of tensions between U.S. & USSR
Policy Overview - End of Cold War
reverse domino theory beginning with Poland's fall for democracy
Policy Overview - Persian Gulf War
now aggressors are swiftly dealt with by U.S.
happily ever after?
Policy Overview - 9/11
terrorism changes perspective of foreign affairs
Policy Overview - Iraqi War
that mess we watched the movie on
Policy Overview - Bush Doctrine
established Axis of Evil
human rights - apply to everyone
Bush Doctrine - terror alliance
we will not negotiate with terrorists, terrorists//nations aiding them, encourage process to address political problems
Bush Doctrine - regional conflicts
goal: alleviate suffering & restore stability to these nations
U.S. will not get involved in every conflict, just those of our choosing
Bush Doctrine - deadliest weapons
weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, biological) are a threat to all if these countries possess them
Bush Doctrine - preemptive strike
stop them before they attack us/our friends, but only U.S. can do it
Bush Doctrine - global economy
support capitalism
Bush Doctrine - military
we will have the largest & strongest military in the world
NATO
military alliance of Europe, US, Canada
founded 1949 to protect freedom & democracy
Middle East
U.S. allies include Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Afghanistan, Israel, Kuwait, and Morocco.
United Nations
founded in 1945 to keep peace, to develop friendly relations among nations, to help nations work together, and to be centre for harmonizing nations' actions
power of United Nations
lies within 5 permanent members of Security Council
w/ US, Russia, Great Britain, China, France