What did the Founders assume the states would do about citizens?
They assumed that the states would decide who was and was not a citizen.
Who did the Founders believe to be excluded when placing citizenship responsibility on the states?
African Americans and immigrants who became United States citizens through naturalization.
What do the United States citizens have?
Rights, responsibilities and duties.
What did Chief Justice Roger Taney reason on the Dred Scott case?
African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not United States citizens at the time the Constitution was adopted. Therefore they could mot claim citizenship. Also, Taney ruled that Scott could not bring a legal suit into a federal Court.
What dimensions has citizenship come to have?
Both a national and state dimension.
What did the Court decide from Dred Scott v. Sanford that affected Congress?
Congress could not forbid slavery in the United States territories.
What did the Dred Scott decision do to the north?
It caused outrage and protest in the North.
How long after the war did the Fourteenth Amendment pass, and what did it do to the Dred Scott decision?
It passed three years after the end of the war and overruled the Dred Scott decision, establishing what constitutes citizenship at both the national and state levels of government.
What did the Dred Scott ruling do to state citizenship?
The Dred Scott ruling made state citizenship an automatic result of national citizenship.
What is jus soli and what does it mean?
Jus soli is a principle in which grants citizenship to nearly all people born in the United States of American territories. It means "law of the soil.
What is jus sanguinis and what does it mean?
Jus sanguinis is a principle in which grants citizenship to a person born to an American parent, or parents, regardless of present location. It means "law of blood.
What two ways has Congress established for becoming naturalized citizens?
1.) Immigrants must satisfy a residency requirement before applying for citizenship.
2.) The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which is part of the Department of Homeland Security, administers most of the key steps of the naturalization process.
What are the five requirements immigrants must meet in order to become citizens?
HINT: Think "GELMS
1.) Applicants must have entered the United States legally. (L)
2.) They must be of good moral character. (M)
3.) They must declare their support of the principles of American government. (S)
4.) They must prove they can read, write, and speak English, if
How old does an applicant need to be in order to request citizenship?
18 years old.
How long must a resident have lived in the United States to request citizenship?
30 months out of the previous five years as a lawfully admitted resident alien. You must live in a the state where the petition was filed for at least 3 months.
If married to a United States citizen, how long of residency does an individual require to request citizenship?
3 years.
What is collective naturalization and what grants it?
A process by which members of a whole group of people, living in the same geographic area, become American citizens through an act of Congress.
What does a federal judge administer at the end of a hearing for citizenship?
The oath of allegiance to the new citizens.
What is another way people can receive citizenship?
Treaties.
In 1868, Congress decided that the citizenship guarantees of the 14th Amendment would not apply to whom?
Native Americans dumb ass.
What is the simplest way to lose citizenship and explain what it is?
Expatriation, in which one gives up citizenship by leaving one's native country to live in a foreign country.
What are the two ways of expatriation?
Voluntary and involuntary.
What is the only thing that can take away citizenship?
The federal government.
What is involuntary expatriation?
In which a person loses citizenship when convicted of certain federal crimes that involve extreme disloyalty, including treason, participation in a rebellion, and attempting to overthrow the government through violent methods.
What is voluntary expatriation?
Like when you just leave to live in another foreign country, there's no like fancy definition for it.
What is denaturalization?
The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process. It could also occur if a citizen joins a totalitarian organization less than five years after becoming a citizen.
What do responsible citizens need to know, be aware of, and do?
Responsible citizens need to KNOW about the laws that govern society and to be AWARE of their basic legal rights, as well as PARTICIPATE in political life, and voting.
How may a citizen partake in political life?
Campaigning for candidate, distributing leaflets for a political party, and working at the polls on Election Day.
What ruling did the Court have in Dred Scott v. Sanford concerning Scott?
Scott was forbidden to sue because he was a slave deemed property under the laws.
What was determined unconstitutional based on the Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
The Missouri Compromise.
What was the Court's ruling in Dred Scott?
African Americans were not citizens, ergo their rights could be infringed and disallowed based on the Constitution.
What is the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services?
A bureau of the Department of Homeland Security that administers most of the key steps of the naturalization process.
What is naturalization?
The legal process by which a person is granted citizenship.
What is the ultimate source of political power in the United States?
The people.
What is the state with the largest number of immigrants?
California.
What is the state with the second largest number of immigrants?
New York.
Who does the Constitution assign the power to control immigration?
Congress.
What is the duty of every United States citizen?
Speak out against injustice.
Who comes to a new country planning to stay permanently?
Immigrants.
What was the law that provided a way for illegal immigrants to become permanent residents?
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
What was the act that lowered the number of immigrants and favored those from northern and western europe?
The Johnson Act/Immigration Act of 1924.
By 1990, 85% of immigrants who came to the United States came from _________.
Asia and Latin America.
This act abolished the national origins quotas and set up two categories of immigrants.
The Immigration Reform Act of 1965.