In Roe v. Wade(1973), one of the most significant Supreme Court rulings of the twentieth century, the majority of the court cited the right to privacy to protect a woman's right to a(n)
abortion
According to the Fourteenth Amendment, we are all entitled to certain civil liberties under the Equal Protection Clause. This means that
you cannot be legally discriminated against.
Civil liberties provide all citizens with fundamental liberties such as freedom of speech, although none of these rights is absolute. Where would you find freedom of speech in the U.S. Constitution
The Bill of Rights
The First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees citizens all of the following civil protections EXCEPT
calling for violent revolution
It's a myth that significant numbers of guilty people go free by exercising their right to ______ when questioned by police
remain silent
The right to privacy recently has been extended to support the rights of adults to
engage in sex with individuals of the same gender
Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment, but that guarantee is not absolute. Which of the following kinds of speech is NOT protected by the Constitution
Hate speech
As editor of the weekly campus paper, you need to decide whether or not to print an article that's highly critical of a senator from your state. Can you print the article without legal repercussion?
Yes, freedom of the press is protected by the First Amendment
The right to privacy is implicitly written into the Constitution. Which of the following rights to privacy is NOT protected
Privacy of the voting records of members of Congress
The American Civil Liberties Union group on your campus has organized a protest against capital punishment. What civil liberties issue are they basing their protest on?
The Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
While criminal suspects may confess to a crime of their own free will, they are protected against coerced or forced confessions, something known as
compelled self-incrimination
When you asked your roommate if he ate your leftover pizza, he responded that he pleads the Fifth. What Fifth-Amendment right is he invoking?
He is avoiding self-incrimination
You may read one of the many political blogs on the Web. The right to publish opinions critical of the government flows from __________________, the supreme law of the United States
the U.S. Constitution
WikiLeaks released classified documents about the Afghanistan War. The U.S. government tried to stop this information from being published. If the government had been successful, what would this be called?
Prior restraint
The most common civil liberty used daily by the citizens of advanced industrial societies, such as England, Sweden, Germany, and the United States, is
free speech
When the national anthem is sung at the start of a baseball game, are you required by law to salute the flag?
no due to the first amendment
In most cases, law-enforcement officials cannot enter your home without your permission. They need an order from a judge authorizing the search, which is called a(n)
a warrent
Civil liberties set limits on government's powers to control the lyrics in songs
True
Criminal suspects have the right to a speedy trial.
True
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
True
According to the Constitution, a person is protected from being searched by the police
False
There is no amendment in the Constitution that expressly guarantees your privacy
True
According to the Constitution you can legally hold a demonstration or protest even if it criticizes the government
True
In most cases the government can prevent certain information or viewpoints from being published.
False
Were an employer to test your religious faith at a job interview, she would be in violation of the First Amendment
True
First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redre
Second Amendment
Right to keep and bear arms
Which activity would not be covered under the free exercise clause of the First Amendment
Not complying with neutral and general laws
The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the use of symbolic speech by students except in the case of
holding up a banner that said "Bong Hits for Jesus" on the sidewalk outside a high school.
Capital punishment represents the primary battleground for debating the meaning of
the Eighth-Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
Constitutional protections against self-incrimination and prohibitions on double jeopardy can be found in the
Fifth Amendment
The Constitutional-interpretation perspective which prohibits the government from providing support for religion and associated activities, is usually referred to as
separationist.
The test used to determine the constitutionality of state activities in the context of the establishment clause is known as the
Lemon Test
The Supreme Court has ruled that all of the following violate the establishment clause EXCEPT
posting the Ten Commandments inside a courthouse.
In protecting freedom of speech, the courts have historically
viewed limits on free speech rights suspiciously
With respect to freedom of speech, the U.S. Supreme Court's 1919 decision in Schenck v. United States case set what important precedent?
The clear and present danger test
The U.S. Supreme Court doctrine that allows the government to prohibit and prosecute expressions that constitute insults likely to provoke violence of an immediate breach of the peace is known as
the fighting words doctrine
The constitutionality of prior restraint was challenged in the case of
New York Times Company v. United States
Which of the following statements about reporter's privilege is true
While some states have passed shield laws, federal courts have refused to recognize a constitutional privilege nationwide
A judicial order authorizing a search or arrest as required by the Fourth Amendment is known as a
warrent
The expansion of the exclusionary rule to all police officers throughout the nation was enacted as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the case of
Mapp v. Ohio.
Double jeopardy refers to prohibitions against
being tried twice for the same crime
The Supreme Court has interpreted the Sixth Amendment guarantee of a "speedy trial" as meaning a trial
within an unspecified period of time
Until 1968, the right to a trial by jury in the United States applied only to
federal trials
A proceeding in which the verdict is determined by a judge without a jury is known as a
bench trial
Since Roe v. Wade, abortion rights
have largely been upheld, though the Supreme Court has narrowed them slightly by permitting some state regulations
Roe v. Wade blocked states from
prohibiting or severely restricting abortion
The right to privacy is explicitly protected in the Bill of Rights
False
The courts have rejected attempts by the government to impose limits on free speech by requiring that speech acts take place at a reasonable time, place, and manner
false
Obscenity is considered constitutionally protected free expression
false
In its 2003 decision in Lawrence v. Texas, the U.S. Supreme Court declared laws that criminalize homosexual behavior to be unconstitutional
true
Trials leading to death-penalty convictions have been shown to be virtually error free
false
Until 1968, it was not mandatory that defendants in state trials be allowed a trial by
jury
According to the Supreme Court, written or spoken words are considered obscene if they violate
community standards
Which of the following is NOT a right guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment
The right to remain silent
The _____ clause can be characterized as providing freedom from religion
establishment
The Supreme Court considers all of the following to be examples of constitutionally protected "free exercise" of religion EXCEPT
prayer read by students over the loudspeaker before public-school sporting events.
The potential for tension between the establishment clause and the free-exercise clause is demonstrated by questions about
prayer in public schools
The test used to determine if government restrictions on free speech acts are constitutional is the
clear and present danger test
In the context of constitutional law, prior restraint refers to laws intended to
prevent the publication of sensitive information.
A slim majority of Supreme Court justices ruled that burning the flag is protected by Constitution because it is a form of __________ speech.
symbolic
The exclusionary rule was first applied in the case of
Weeks v. United States
The exclusionary rule excludes
evidence that was improperly obtained from being used in court
The right of a defendant to be in the courtroom when someone testifies against him or her is generally referred to as the right of
confrontation
In ___________, the defense attorney arranges with the prosecuting attorney for the defendant to present himself or herself as guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence.
plea-barganing
All of the following are government restrictions on free speech that have been ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court EXCEPT
preventing speech that is overly critical of government officials
The theory that the First, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments establish a "zone of privacy " was first articulated by Justice William Douglas in the case of
Griswold v. Connecticut.
In its reexamination of the Roe v. Wade decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), the Supreme Court majority
affirmed the basic decision in Roe v. Wade, while allowing for state abortion regulations that do not pose an quot;undue burden" on women's choices.
Which of the following cases does NOT deal with First-Amendment protections of freedom of speech?
Mapp v. Ohio
Which of the following types of evidence would NOT be ruled out on the basis of the exclusionary rule
Evidence obtained through a traffic stop without the consent of the driver
The vast majority of criminal convictions do not involve an actual trial
true
Between 1972 and 1976, the death penalty was suspended in the United States
true
Political speech is subject to greater restrictions than other forms of speech
false
The Second Amendment provides protection against illegal search and seizure.
false
Reporters who refuse to cooperate with criminal investigations by discussing their sources have sometimes been charged with contempt of court
true
The Supreme Court has upheld the right of the state of Texas to keep a Ten Commandments monument on the grounds of the state capitol
true
Commercial speech is subject to more regulation than political speech
true