Imperialism
A policy of a stronger nation taking over a weaker nation or territory and dominating that nation politically, economically, and socially
Economic motives for imperialism
Desire for natural resources
Need of a market to sell goods
Desire to grow wealthier
Nationalism
A feeling that your own nation's interests are more important than other nation's interests
Mercantilism
An economic policy where mother countries increased their wealth and power by obtaining raw materials from their colonies and by selling products back to the colonies
White Man's Burden
Racist idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less "civilized"
-This idea was used to justify imperialism
Berlin Conference
A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations divided up African colonies without the say of any African people
Scramble for Africa
Term given for the rapid invasion of Africa by the various European powers. This began imperialism in Africa.
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
King Leopold II
Belgian king who committed horrific human rights abuses in the Congo
Sepoy
Indian soldier who served the British East India Company
Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny)
uprising of Indian soldiers against British rule in mid-1800s; unsuccessful
Cause of Sepoy Rebellion
Use of pork and cow grease in sepoy soldier weapons; violation of Indian religious customs
Effect of Sepoy Rebellion
India officially became a British colony
Colony
A territory that is controlled politically and economically by a foreign nation
Opium War
a conflict between Britain and China over Britain's opium trade in China; won by the British
Treaty of Nanking
unequal and humiliating treaty that gave the British ports, including Hong Kong and a lot of economic control in China; China had to pay fines
Taiping Rebellion
peasant uprising in China that weakened the power of the Chinese Emperor
Commodore Perry
U.S. Commodore who's voyage opened up Japan for trade with the West
Treaty of Kanagawa
Trade treaty between Japan and the United States opening up two Japanese ports to U.S. trade; signed in response to a show of force by U.S. admiral Matthew Perry
Meiji Restoration
the modernization and industrialization of Japan in the 1800's that helped Japan to become a world power
Boxer Rebellion
A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country; unsuccessful
Cecil Rhodes
British imperialist who represented Great Britain in Africa. Made a fortune from the control of diamond mines. Believed Britain should control as much territory as possible
Samurai
Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.
Shogun
A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name
Infrastructure
Roads, bridges, railroads, public works, communication systems, basic things needed for development, built by imperialists in their colonies