Members of maya elite (nobility), disease is killing everybody, europe brought disease to america, africa brought crops and slaves to america, americas brought crops to africa, europe brought colonialism, religion and culture to africa and america , Q- di
Columbian exchange (europe, africa, and americas).
The missionaries brought disease, religion and culture to the americas, decimating the populations with disease, and changing cultural and religious traditions through the introduction of christianity.
What came from Africa?
brought religions, music, african crops, and folklore & stories
Slave trade itself, Why did African groups help the slave trade?
Europeans would give them weapons, and different african groups would compete against each other for power, so these weapons helped them gain their power.
What was the largest group of people to be brought to the western hemisphere (americas) because of slavery?
Majority of people who came to the western hemisphere after Columbus were West Africans bc of slavery
Document, historian writing in 1967, why so many native americans died from european diseases?
They had been living in isolation for their whole lives, and did not have an immunity to these new diseases the same way that the Europeans did.
chart - the slave trade and where slaves were going in what periods of time (certain areas that were best for raising cash crops, sugar, cotton, and tobacco) (Southeastern united states, Caribbean, brazil) perfect zones for cash crops (extremely laborious
A majority of slaves were taken to the South Eastern United States (georgia..), Brazil, and the Caribbean, because those were places where cash crops such as sugar, cotton and tobacco, grew best.
Some things that resulted in Africa bc of slave trade:
1- trade routes shifted from cross saharan to transatlantic (western hemisphere, americas)
2- Destabilized African societies in Africa,
3- Increased violence in Africa because Europe was supplying African elites with weapons.
Syncretism (when two different religions blend together) spanish soldiers talking to inca people and religious ceremonies going on. Hes seeing a synchratic blending of native religions w islam and chrisianity.
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Simon Bolivar document (liberator from spaniards) talking about mercantilism (belief there is a certain amount of wealth in the world) system that decimated Native populations making them working in mines and fatal jobs and he spoke out against it
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China, Korea, And Japan had very restrictive policies about interacting with foreigners. Didn't want christian missionaries there. Believed that emperors and rulers descended from god and if christians came there it would decimate their immense power and
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Comparing Chinese and Aztec empire
Chinese empire and aztec empire both had tribute systems with the people they conquered. Would pay cash and slaves to rulers to be left alone.
Why did China have a huge population increase in 17th and 18th centuries?
Because new crops were introduced from the americas. Before then, there were no chillies in any part of the world besides americas, tomatoes, potatoes, chocolate, squash, corn... which nowadays can be found in a lot of chinese foods.
Art- Ivory plaque, portuaguese, pic of baby jesus standing on a merchant sailing ship, he looks as tall as the ship, produced in goa (west coast of India)
Portuguese developed trading post empires, companies developed these empires (british east india company) sponsored by british but were individual companies, baby jesus on ship about trading post empires
B. religion is spreading farther than it ever has b
Document spaniards talking about trade in china,
not only did diseases come and missionaries came w religion and trade
Most important reason there were demographic changes in the columbian exchange?
Main 2 things:
huge population growth in parts of the world
huge death rates where diseases decimated the people
Columbian exchange, what was going where?
Europe to America: disease
Africa to America: crops & slaves
America to Africa: crops
Europe to Africa and America: religion & culture
Southern colonies of colonial british america (south) were like the economies in other places?
Carribean and Brazil (because of the cash crops: sugar, cotton and tobacco)
Who was the biggest producer of the world's manufactured goods?
Asian markets
Ottoman and Mughal comparison
Ottomans and Mughals were both muslim.
Ottomans ruled over other muslims.
Mughals ruled over hindus.
Document, bishop in Guadalajara, what is he seeing?
economic activities going on are the first time the world has global exchange networks
Long term effects of Vasco Da Gama's trip to india which caused the merchants from europe to set up trade w India
Merchants from Europe opened trading posts in India (think the East India Company), meaning Europe was now part of the Indian ocean trade network.
Jahangir - Mughal emperor
power expanding because of how much power he is acquiring by bringing new lands into globe
Chart map, lines going between africa and americas about slave trade.
Largest number of slaves going to Brazil, Carribean and Southeastern U.S. (like Georgia)
1400-1750 eurasian rulers sponsored the arts (medicis) sponsored michelangelo,
didn't do it bc they were being nice to poor artists, just to patronize artists to make them do stuff for them, brings egotistical legitimacy of rule, shows power they have
The ottoman Empire expanded a lot in the 15th and 16th centuries, why?
Ottoman empire was able to expand because they had better weapons than the europeans -> artillery, cannons, and small weapons that europeans did not have yet
Spaniards and Aztecs, Besides the spanish having brought disease, how were the Aztecs defeated?
besides spanish bringing in all the disease, they were able to defeat aztecs bc there were tribute states that hated the aztecs and teamed up with the spaniards to defeat them
Sikhism; Religion that was "invented", sikhism, commonly w turbans and long moustaches (guys who own 7-11s) religion that happened when Mughal Muslims ruled over hindus that meshed the two, WHy people adopted sikhism?
Sikhism was invented to unify indians and make them better able to defeat the british bc british were starting to take over india. Before sikhism there was a lot of division between religions, and they knew that a divided country would be easier to conque
Japan didn't want christian missionaries, showing a metal plate with Jesus on christian crucifix. Would ask a person to step on Jesus! To track down hidden christians. If a person refused to step on the face of Jesus then they were christians. Christianit
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Document about world buying from asian markets. About access to precious metals in the americas
Europe did not focus on industry and their new wealth from the americas (gold..) didnt last long
Book published in parent "a description of china" 3 christian missionaries and two peoplewho converted to christianity. Why do you think the chinese had a lot of foreigners working in their government?
Foreigners served in the bureaucracy of Chinese government. They didn't want anyone against them, so they had a diverse cabinet
Why did the french and english make the north atlantic voyages?
They were looking for new routes to Asia
4 main caste systems in americas
1st peninsulares (pure europeans, born in europe) they had all the money and power
2nd creoles (100% european but born in latin america),
3rd mestizos (part european part native american),
4th mulattos (part european and part african) never as economicall
Why were the Europeans going to Asia?
They wanted to trade directly w africans and asians thats why they looked for routes to avoid muslim middlemen
2 pics, carved ivory from the congo(top on rules septer), second: crucifix with woman on it (must be blending of religion (religious syncretism))
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Ibn Battuta, talking abt delhi sultan and discussing sumatra and how he believes that a muslim rulers should seek to expand Islam like christianity.
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Pic of mosque in Istanbul, byzantine style building now used as mosque (synthesizing cultures)
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2 sources, 1st source: all about religious tolerance, 2nd source: queen isabella to not tolerate other religions besides christianity
B. source 1 abt religious freedom
a. Some tolerated diversity and others suppressed it
b. According to source one, more freedom and liberty, especially religious freedom
Islam , Sufis believed anyone could b the religious leader of islam and shias, more conservative muslims, belived that they had to be related to mohammed. Sufis were hippies of their time so ottoman religious elite tried to persecute them, shut them down.
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About companies, how the merchant companies controlled their trading and had their own armies. British East India company had an army that wasn't britains. The companies were separated from the british government,they controlled themselves and the countri
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Which two belief systems allowed women to become (monastic lives) nuns?
Christianity and buddhism
Ottoman and chinese
Ottomans and chinese also had very large bureaucracy to support the government
Illustration celebrating what the ottoman sultans did and tribute by paying w crops or money OR would take young christian boys as tribute from the balkan countries and raise them to be an elite fighting force for the sultan, because they would have no al
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Two maps: expansion of ottoman empire and decline of ottoman empire, gives years when they are happening, expansion was a direct result of having better gun powder based weapons
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Renaissance Italy and Abbasid - Post Abbasid middle east empire declined and Italy was fragmented. What was in common?
A Period when there was a lot of cultural activity that arose at the same time, both were declining meanwhile
Polynesian migrations that went from 600-1450, introducing a lot of plant and animal species to new islands. (pigs..)
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