Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Direct Rule
Local officials removed from power, replaced by new officials brought from the colonizing country
Indirect Rule
Colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status
Assimilation
the social policy that in time a local population (colony) would adopt culture (Colonizing country)
Paternalism
A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.
Colony
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
Protectorate
Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area of a country in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges (ex: China)
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments (ex: Hawaii)
Berlin Conference
Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa - no African leader invited
Boer War
War between Dutch colonists (Boers) and the British where they competed for control of territory in South Africa. British won.
Jewel in the Crown
Name given to India, because it was the most valuable of all British colonies
British East India Company
A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years until the Sepoy Mutiny.
Sepoy
An Indian soldier serving under British command.
Sepoy Mutiny
an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India after hearing rumors of cartridges greased with animal fat.
Opium War
a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China
Extraterritoriality
Right of foreigners in China to be protected by the laws of their own nation
Treaty of Nanjing
unequal treaty" to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace
Causes of Imperialism
Economic, Political, Social Darwinism, Humanitarianism/Racism
Factors leading to Imperialism
Maxim Gun, Steam Ship, Vaccines, Lack of Unity